Critically discuss the selection, role and responsibilities of the Essay

Critically discuss the selection, role and responsibilities of the expert witness in the criminal justice system - Essay Example Nonetheless, not every piece of evidence in a case is presented to the adjudicators; just the evidence that is important and acceptable serves a function in the conclusion of a case. Hence, an expert is defined in the legal system as ‘a person who, by reason of education or special training, possesses knowledge of a particular subject area in greater depth than does the public at large’2. With the rising difficulty of cases, specifically those that involve technical or scientific issues, the expert witness has become crucial to litigation’s success. The Rule 702 states that experts have a substantial influence over usual witnesses due to the fact that they are â€Å"the only witnesses who are permitted to reflect, opine, and pontificate. Experts can provide a bridge between the particular facts of a case and patterns of fact that can be observed and understood only through much wider study†.3 In general, experts are perceived as favourable contributors in c ourt trials. Nonetheless, experts can be at the same time described as ‘hired guns’ and ‘liars’.4 Regardless, one thing is for sure: the exploitation of experts is persistent. Indeed, experts have been equated to litigations. As stated by Robert R. Detlefsen, â€Å"The expert witness has become a fixture in high-stakes civil trials†.5 This is factual for a broad array of explanations, not the least of which is the growing difficulty of issues that comprise contemporary tort litigation and the continuously evolving procedures in the management of business processes: â€Å"the use of experts in courtroom trials is so prevalent today that the question confronting litigators is usually not whether to hire an expert witness, but rather how many to employ and where to find them.†6 Hence, this essay will discuss the selection, role, and responsibilities of the expert witness in the criminal justice system in the UK. Role of Expert Witnesses in the En glish Legal System Just as the essence or value of the testimony of an expert witness differs, so does the expert witness’s role in the legal system. In several instances, the expert witness is employed to discern issues or loopholes in the statement of fact witnesses. Expert statement, in other instances, is required to satisfy the ‘burden of proof’7 so as to create a defence or claim. Expert witnesses, occasionally, are used mainly to compete with the experts of the opposing side and to further strengthen the defence or claim of the proponent. Even though experts are generally determined by their role as witnesses at litigations or in deposition, they can help lawyers in the establishment of the case prior to trial as well. Lawyers may use experts to assess the work and official documents of other experts.8 Moreover, experts may help lawyers make sense of the technical features of a case by analysing documents and information generated by the parties and by stu dying and analysing subject matters in a case.9 Furthermore, experts can assist in the preparation of requests for information and documents which may turn into acceptable proofs, or they can formulate questions for cross-examination and direct questioning of witnesses.10 Expert recommendation may be crucial in strengthening the case prior to the trial by formulating compelling causation theories11 which should be presented to and reviewed by the jury. Another major role of expert witnesses may be to carry out trials linked to a component implication in the litigation and to

Blog Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Blog - Assignment Example On a general level, I am a team player. I love working in groups and experiencing learning together with other people. I like communicating a lot and I tend to always pave the way for group members to share their ideas and knowledge. I like asking a lot of questions because I love details. In working in teams, I like to set a common goal. It is possible that despite being in a common group, members may not have the same ideas regarding the activity and not everyone could be sharing the same goals (Benjamin 25). This is why even at the onset, I know that setting a common objective is essential in setting the foundation for success in any group activity. Everyone should be on the same page, and â€Å"despite the individual differences that exist, the work flow should be towards nothing else but the common and main group objective† (Benjamin 26-7). In the group activity for Solano Canyon Community Garden, aiming for the common goal is one of the things I am still very proud of. My group mates and I were able to establish a solid aim right from the very start. It was a good thing because while each member was given the freedom to decide and work on their own, we were all confident that we will not be straying away from what we really want to achieve as a group. Also, whenever we feel in doubt of a decision we were about to make, we consulted with the other group members to know their ideas about it. In this area, the essence of teamwork was truly at play. I learned that through this, we feel more bonded with each other because we work for a common goal. There were of course some issues with other people, because it is understandable that in every activity, feedback is always sought for. Either through giving or receiving, feedback is a necessary tool in improvement and progress. This was one of the things we lacked in either giving or receiving. Although there were several reasons or causes why this is lacking, I still feel that everyone

Marketing Principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Principles - Assignment Example It is only when these principles are adhered to, will a business organization be well placed to experience the maximum benefits of marketing. There are four core principles of marketing that will be expounded in this paper. The marketing presumption is that in the absence of these marketing principles effective and complete marketing would essentially be impossible. The success of any business venture is significantly hinged on the comprehension and effective execution of these marketing principles. Main Body In context to marketing endeavours, business organizations would rather revert to conventional forms of advertising deals and marketing ideas. This is hinged on the assumption that since these ideas been proven to work since time immemorial. As such, these are safe strategies whose risk is as low as it can get. However, business organisations must exercise caution and restraint when implementing strategies that are not in line with common conventional strategies. If caution is n ot observed, the huge amounts of funds that are dedicated towards product marketing will be lost. The art of learning how to market effectively is one of the biggest hurdles for an upcoming business venture or launching a new product. The risk of encountering failure is more than real. As such, the following basic principles must be used to avert failure. ... This is hinged on the rationale that it is important for buyers to understand what is being offered if significant sales are to be experienced (Barcharts, 2010). In respect, this is one of the most vital aspects of marketing. If the product that is being offered is not clearly understood, in terms of functions or benefits of the product or service, by the impending clients then they will simply pick up and move on from the product. As such, in an endeavour to avert such catastrophic eventualities, a few measures can be instituted. The measures are hinged on ensuring the public are in full comprehension of the respective products that are being offered. These measures can best be exemplified by including warranties, efficient customer service, adequate instructions, company name, and visual illustrations of how your product or service functions. Prior to the launch of the product into the market, there are a number of product decisions that have to be made. The first is deciding on br and name. This is an especially important process in an endeavour to maintain the uniqueness of the business organization. The chief risk is that the business venture will be successful, and then an imitator will come into the market with a similar name. In the event whereby the name assigned to the product or service was descriptive of some feature of the product or service, it might be futile to prevent that particular name from getting into the market. The impact of this is far reaching; this is sourced from the fact that this imitation of the product or service name might grab a share of the market position which the business organization has already established. This is the rationale behind the adoption of invented names for unique products and services. A

Business Research Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Research Skills - Essay Example When an employee stays the longer period of the time in the same company it increases its loyalty to the company and the salary also increases. He also added that the staying in the company for longer period of time can make that employee more and more experienced and suitable for the company. According to the author, there may be more different another determining factor in determining the salary levels of the executive. According to Economou (2011), He also said that there are lots of determinates like social, political and the situational determinants are very important for fixing a salary of the executive. If the organization is earning profit and revenue then the organization can easily think for a growth in the salary after regular interval of time. It has been noticed that if a person stays a longer period of time with the same company can earn more salary. Seniority of an employee is the very important factor for fixing any salary. Level of salary would be determined by the quantum of the responsibilities of that employee. It is quite obvious that the senior employees would have more and more responsibilities than the junior employees. It clearly states that the level of the salary of the senior employee would get more hike as its base is very high. It also supports the analysis done in the task one. The author also argued that as the salary of the senior employees is higher than the lower emp loyee it shows that what the senior employees can earn in the lesser period of time, it would take a more time for a person who is working in the same company. Obviously, the time taken for the company senior officers is less. He also argued that when one employee is working for the longer period of time that person can adapt very well to the company. It also stated that in any organization people with the highest amount of salaries are less in numbers and the number of people with the lowest base of salary.

Exam question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exam question - Essay Example While it is irrefutable that not everybody can be creative, it is universally accepted that everybody can be rational. Andrews’ definition, therefore, exploits the very essence of every employee. Employees use logic on a daily basis, but they do not frequently express themselves in a creative manner. If reason is the most common attribute in employees, and creativity is scarce, then a majority of corporations rely on logic more than creativity. Andrews is, therefore right: strategy is a rational process that is accompanied by implementation based on administrative acumen. Ohmae’s views are only just starting to be embraced at the highest echelons of the corporate world (Wit & Meyer, 2010). For example, companies like Google and Apple have adopted strategies that emphasize creativity as much as logic. Organizational strategy is no longer about structures and efficiency. In the past, when logic dominated creativity, senior management was considered to be the preserve of business majors only. However, nowadays engineers can be found managing large business organizations and delivering results. While conventionalism and rigidity typified earlier management, the current corporate setting features and offers endless management opportunities to creative minds. While the balance has shifted in favor of creativity, the jury is still out as to whether it can match the proven record of logic. In past and current studies conducted on this subject, consensus has been that the generative approach to strategy needs logic to guarantee success, while the rational approach can deliver desired results – as it always has – in the absence of creativity. In the contemporary organizational environment, creative people are still dominated by rationally-inclined individuals (Lafley & Martin, 2013). For example, advertising agencies often have departments that are in charge of developing all the creative

Young People in American Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Young People in American Society - Essay Example According to the essay in 1990, students’ (adolescents) violent attitude and violence in schools got dedicated attention from the society. The move was based upon ensuring peaceful atmosphere in schools and colleges and to invest educational resources on productive and learning targets rather than disciplining young students. But evil behind this oppression remained strong and untouched so far and this evil is called ‘adultism’. The adultism is discriminatory ‘ism’ for young members of the society. This particular ‘ism’ consists of closest family members, teachers and elders etc. The after effects of this oppression are very dangerous and endless for example adults may force their dependants to steal, beg, fight, break laws, deal with drugs and adopt prostitution. In addition to illegitimate and immoral activities differential oppression can be inflict with apparently positive and ethical dogmas based upon religious beliefs, cultural trad itions and   regional   limits.From this paper it is clear that governments are allegedly great contributors of differential theory via discriminatory legal system against young people. The lack of protective laws for young people should be considered as oppressive behavior against them.  Our current economic systems are also dominated by certain group which is largely made up of adults. Thus it violates young people’s desires to take part in competition with adults in business and offices.... Political Ageism Governments are allegedly great contributors of differential theory via discriminatory legal system against young people. The lack of protective laws for young people should be considered as oppressive behavior against them. Economic Ageism Our current economic systems are also dominated by certain group which is largely made up of adults. Thus it violates young people's desires to take part in competition with adults in business and offices. Cultural Ageism Even though we are living in more civilized societies, but discrimination on the basis of sex, color, race, religion, ethnicity and age is universally everywhere. Children are among top victims in cultural divisions, they are not even provided with simple choices such as career, education, marriage and employment. Interpersonal Ageism Young people are oppressed interpersonally not only by parents, guardians but also by friends and siblings and sometimes by neighbors and teachers as well. Kind of oppressions by these groups is of discouraging, disrespecting and unrecognized nature. The reaction by the young people in response to oppressions is of severe violence oriented and it can be witnessed everywhere. In United Sates of America this oppression has resulted into extreme youth reactions in form of high rising school crimes, rage, and unlawful activities among students. The introduction of overly restricted rules and regulations is another contributor in juvenile offenses in United Sates, consequently pushing youngsters towards more depression and ultimately societal epidemic. A distinctive element of differential oppression is that the already victimized people (at the time of their youth) are

Sensationalism and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sensationalism and the Media - Essay Example There are new crimes which people feel they do not understand and which are different from traditional fears. The media is very effective and building these crimes up and making people feel frightened (Ball-Rokeach, 1040). One of these is cybercrime. While some people may feel less frightened of being stabbed on the street, they may be more concerned about identity theft. It seems clear that cybercrime will be a serious problem in the future as more and more of our lives are lived on the Internet. Stories about identity theft appear in the news every day. Part of the problem in todays world is that many people put a great deal of their personal information on the Internet without thinking that it can be accessible to anyone. Others do not take proper precautions with their passwords. Still others fall for internet scams run by Nigerian princes. In the future there will be more identity theft and money stole from online bank accounts and money transfers. People will probably do more i mpersonation than ever on social networking sites. The truth is people must be very careful to protect their passwords and their personal information. It is not a good idea to put your birthday on your Facebook account, for example, as this information may be used in some circumstances to access banking and other private records. Do not talk to strangers online if you are underage, as well, as they may be predators. While these are serious crimes, the media makes it seem as if it is happening all the time and that you will be the next victim (Mappes, 102). Part of the problem with the Internet is its anonymity. It is hard to track down cybercriminals and they know it. The bank robbers of the future will not wear masks and carry guns, they will be the people who sit at their computer and hack into the bank. Some people may not even know they have been victimized. This too may lead to the crime figures and victim