Indirect Theories and Moral Equality Theories on Kindness to Non-Human Essay

Indirect Theories and Moral Equality Theories on Kindness to Non-Human Animals - Essay Example This means that despite them being non-human animals that â€Å"are not rational, self-conscious beings capable of grasping the moral law† ( 63 ), they still have intrinsic moral worth. According to Kant, animals are not included in the human territory because only humans are capable of creating and understanding moral laws. This also means that while a human, being an â€Å"end in itself† ( 64 ) are not indebted to animals, kindness towards animals â€Å"will help develop good character in us and help us treat our fellow human beings with greater consideration† ( 63 ). Aside from making humans less likely to be cruel to other humans, kindness to animals makes human beings fulfill the indirect duties to humanity, which is a categorical imperative. Kant provides good examples of this claim. A dog, for example, may not have rights like humans do, but letting the dog suffer is a reflection of lack of humanity. Kind treatment of the dog, especially one that has been faithful over time, in not necessarily a human being’s duty towards the animal, but a human being’s duty of â€Å"humanity which it is his duty to show towards mankind† ( 64 ). Cruelty to animals, according to Kant, reflects in humans an immoral tendency that might be inflicted to fellow humans. However, despite the need to be kind to animals, they should not be treated as ends in themselves. Human beings â€Å"serve(s) the will as the objective ground for its self-determination† ( 63 ), yet this is not the same with non-human animals. Animals are a means to an end, and that end is man. This means that while man does not have the right to use other people in ways to serve another human’s end, the case is not the same with animals. Still, one must consider that kindness towards animals is an imperative that will ultimately serve the end purpose that is humanity. Human beings require respect because they are sovereign and have freedom. Such autonomy is important and a creature can only have it by having free will. Since animals do not have the capacity for reason and are not guided by consciousness, they do not really have free will, and are thus not autonomous. Kant has a strong point when he says that one can ask, â€Å"Why do animals exist?† ( 64 ). However, the question â€Å"Why does man exist?† is meaningless ( 64 ). It seems the argument is that animals exist for a specific purpose, and one of those purposes is to serve the goals of man. Kant’s arguments make strong points. However, some amendments may be done according to some principles of consideration. While animals do not have the capacity for reason, are not guided by consciousness, do not really have free will, and are not autonomous, humans should act with â€Å"consideration in satisfying (their) needs and interests† ( 76 ). Singer quotes Bentham: â€Å"The day may come when the rest of the animal creation may acquire those rights wh ich never could have been withholden from them but by the hand of tyranny† ( 76 ). Does this mean that consideration of one’s needs and interests apply to animals as well, and that giving animals rights is utterly necessary to reach this goal? To answer this requires not only a slight reconstruction of Kant’s views, but of Singer’s as well. What is required here is to determine if animals have morally significant needs and interests. The emphasis on moral significance means that withholding such could inflict unnecessary harm and suffering to non-human animals. Do animals have welfare or well-being that could benefit or be harmed by the non-existence of animal rights? It could be possible. However, saying this about a creature lacking logic, consciousness, and free will is tantamount to saying the same regarding a, say, car. Do animals have needs and interes

Dazed and Confused Essay Example for Free

Dazed and Confused Essay Dazed and Confused List and describe 4 characters that are important to the movie: Randall Pink FloydFloyd is the stud senior quarterback who realizes he doesn’t want to be just a quarterback for the rest of his life and questions his role in the social pack. He cant stand Coach Conrad and the pledge sheet hes making all the players sign. Hes going out with Simone, but hed like to hook up with Jodi. He seems to belong to all cliques. Mitch KramerMitch is going to be a freshman in high school and hes already getting picked on by the senior class. Lack of parental supervision (and help from Pink and his pals) allows Mitch to experience high school life a little earlier than most of his classmates. Kramer is the new kid on the block who, like Pink, has an amazing athletic talent and a way with the ladies| Fred OBannionOBannion is a super-senior who is enjoying his second straight year of hazing freshmen. He has a temper, and when the freshmen get their revenge he blows up and drives away in his piece-of-junk car. | David WoodersonWooderson, a former superstar quarterback and graduate working for the city after realizing that life after his alma matter is sweeter when you live by your own rules. The high schoolers think hes cool because hes older and he has a nice car. Many of the classic lines in this movie to come from Wooderson. | Q: What does the movie teach us about life? The movie dazed and confused is more than just a movie about smoking marijuana. It documents the changes we all face in life, as social and political pressures increase, when one gets older and faces decisions that require you to figure out how to avoid being what others want you to be while staying young at heart. Q: What is your favorite part of the movie? My favorite part in the movie is when they are sitting on the 50-yard line of the football field smoking marijuana, reminiscing and having laughs. While Matthew McConaughey â€Å"Wooderson†, says a very memorable quote, â€Å"Man, its the same bull***t they tried to pull in my day. If it aint that piece of paper, theres some other choice theyre gonna try and make for you. You gotta do what Randall Pink Floyd wants to do man. Let me tell you this, the older you do get the more rules theyre gonna try to get you to follow. You just gotta keep livin man, L-I-V-I-N†. Q: Why is that your favorite part of the movie? This is my favorite part of the movie because it reminds me of me and my friends back in the day. Plus the quote â€Å"You just gotta keep livin man, L-I-V-I-N† is one of my favorite quotes of life! Q: Do you believe the movie is realistic? Why or why not? I believe the movie is realistic because the director made the characters all so different and have their own personalities. It’s also realistic because the audience can relate to at least one character in the movie. Q: What have you learned from this movie? Society is full of constraints and limitations that people in power: or those looking to capitalize on the weakness of others place on others to get them to act the way they want them to. If you want to be free of such people and situations, you have to learn how to challenge the social constructs and rules that keep you from finding your true purpose in life. Don’t let others tell you what you can and can’t do. This doesn’t mean that you have a right to break the laws, but it does mean that you can be anything you want to be if you are willing to go after it. There are no laws that say you have to be what someone else wants you to be. Q: Who do you think (what age group, or what kind of person) would enjoy this type of movie? I think Teenagers all the way up to Elders; of both genders, would enjoy this movie. Everybody who has watched it will watch again and again, and never will get old to them. For those who haven’t watched it, WATCH IT! Other important Information Director: written and directed by Richard Linklater Producers: Sean Daniel, Richard Linklater, Jim Jacks and co-producer Anne Walker-McBay * Jason London as Randall Pink Floyd * Wiley Wiggins as Mitch Kramer * Rory Cochrane as Ron Slater * Sasha Jenson as Don Dawson * Michelle Burke as Jodi Kramer * Christine Harnos as Kaye Faulkner * Adam Goldberg as Mike Newhouse * Anthony Rapp as Tony Olson * Matthew McConaughey as David Wooderson * Marissa Ribisi as Cynthia Dunn * Jason London as Randall Pink Floyd * Wiley Wiggins as Mitch Kramer * Rory Cochrane as Ron Slater * Sasha Jenson as Don Dawson * Michelle Burke as Jodi Kramer * Christine Harnos as Kaye Faulkner Adam Goldberg as Mike Newhouse * Anthony Rapp as Tony Olson * Matthew McConaughey as David Wooderson * Marissa Ribisi as Cynthia Dunn Starring: * Jason O. Smith as Melvin Spivey * Shawn Andrews as Kevin Pickford * Cole Hauser as Benny ODonnell * Milla Jovovich as Michelle Burroughs * Joey Lauren Adams as Simone Kerr * Christin Hinojosa as Sabrina Davis * Ben Affleck as Fred OBanni on * Parker Posey as Darla Marks * Deena Martin as Shavonne Wright * Nicky Katt as Clint Bruno * Esteban Powell as Carl Burnett * Renee Zellweger as Nesi White Awards Year| Result| Award| Category/Recipient(s)| 1993 | Nominated| Golden Leopard| Richard Linklater| 994 | Nominated| Young Artist Award| Best Youth Actor Co-Starring in a Motion Picture Drama Jason London| Rating: (R) Running time: 102 minutes Other: Lawsuit In October 2004, three of Linklaters former classmates from Huntsville High School, whose surnames are Wooderson, Slater, and Floyd, filed a defamation lawsuit against Linklater, claiming to be the basis for the similarly named characters on the film. The lawsuit was filed in New Mexico rather than Texas because New Mexico has a longer statute of limitations. The suit was subsequently dismissed

The United States is an Energy Hog :: Energy Environmental Issues Essays

The United States is an Energy Hog The Unites States consumes ninety-eight quadrillion Btu’s of energy annually, which is over one-fourth of the world’s total energy consumption. (â€Å"Country Analysis†) For me, this fact is startling, but not surprising. I grew up in a residential sector, an energy-consuming sector that consists of living quarters for private households (â€Å"Definitions†), and I have been taught to conserve as much energy as possible. My mother, a teacher with bachelor and master degrees in science, has always told, well, nagged, my brother and I to â€Å"turn out the lights every time† we leave a room. Many times I have entered the house to find my mother ironing or cooking dinner in a very dark room. Before I even greet her I automatically flip the light switch and ask, â€Å"Mum, why are you in the dark?† She always reminds me that electricity costs money. She also reminds me that my Grandma was eleven years old before her family even had el ectricity! Once in a while, mom will consider what it must have been like for Grandma to grow up without electricity. She always mentions that Grandma had to take cold baths and use the restroom outside. Of course, Grandma couldn’t grab a cold glass of milk out of the fridge or shoot her cousin an email. My mind wanders from Grandma’s life to my own when I think what an inconvenience it would be to be without energy, specifically electricity for lights. Without lights, my lifestyle would be entirely different. Lights enable me to study into the evening. Without lights driving would be impossible. It’s difficult to accept that, where I live, I would inevitably be trapped at home-sometimes when it’s only seven or eight o’clock at night! This would surely alter my hobbies, extracurricular activities and friends. When I was younger, I would think my mom just had trouble â€Å"keeping up with the times,† but, I now know that my mom was accurate when she encouraged me and my brother to conserve and appreciate energy. I can rest assured that another reason that my mother encouraged me to conserve energy was because of expenses. The ten month average of electricity costs, in 2004, was 8.

Capital Budget Essay

Looking at River County plan for several capital acquisitions for the coming year which include the purchase of two new garbage trucks at $150,000 each, one new bulldozer at $240,000, three new riding lawn mowers at $16,000 each, and construction of an activity center in the part for $650,000. The expected lifetime of the various capital items is 10 years for the garbage trucks, 8 years for the bulldozer, 5 years for the lawn mowers, and 40 years for the activity center. Due to the current credit rating of River County, River County was approved for a 6% interest rate on all vehicles and lawn mowers, and a 3% interest on the activity center. The total cost to finance both garbage trucks for one year is $20,380.19 and the total cost is $203,801.90 for 10 years. The yearly cost to finance the bulldozer is $38,648.63 and the total cost is $309,189.04 for 8 years. The total cost of financing all three lawn mowers for a year is $11,395.03 and the total cost for 5 years is $56,975.15. The yearly cost to finance the activity center is $28,120.55 and the total cost is $1,124,822.22 for 40 years. The total cost for the capital budget from year 1 to year 5 will be $126,664.95. The total budget cost from year 6 to year 8 will $115,269.92 and from year 9 to 10 $76,621.29. From year 10 unto year 40, the budget would be $28,120.55 for the activity center. However, River County would pay off the lawn movers in 5 years, bulldozer in 8 years, and garbage trucks in 10 years the issue of depreciation stills needs to be addressed. The current value of the equipment would need to be appraised to determine if it is still operational according to River County standards, or do the equipment need to be replaced. If River County decides to replace the equipment then the revenue from the savage would be used to re-invest in to new equipment and the capital budget would be updated. With the current River County budget the tax revenues received from the county would be more than sufficient, but if there is a budget short fall, River County could issue 5 year municipal bonds to cover the cost. Reference: Finkler, S.A. (2010). Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Martinson, O. B. (2002). A look at cost accounting in the service industry and the federal government.The Journal of Government Financial Management, 51(1), 18-25. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/222373894?accountid=32521 Rodriguez, J. F. (1994). Sound principles: New adaptations. The Government Accountants Journal, 43(3),35. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/222431343?accountid=32521

United Kingdom – group of countries

The United Kingdom is a developed country with a national wealth of 1 1. 73 trillion CAD and a national GDP of 2. 435trillion USD. In 2010, the average wage in the UK for all Jobs was E20,801 (34,113. 64 CAD). The literacy rate within the UK is 99%. The United Kingdom is in stage 4 of the demographic transition model because it has a low birth rate and a low death rate.With a dependency mong youth of 27. 1% and a 26. 9%% dependency ratio with the elderly, the I-JK badly needs the funding to support the elderly and youth as many are not working. The population within the United Kingdom continues to rise with 12. 26 births per 1000 people of the population, and a death rate of 9. 33deaths per 1000 people of the population. This works out to a natural increase rate of 0. 55%. Life expectancy in the UK is 80. 29 years with an infant mortality rate of 4. 5 deaths/ 1000 live births. The UK is a world power and needs the funding to stay that way.The United Kingdom igration rate is currently decreasing from recent years, with less people migrating to the country. However, net migration has increased from September to December of 2012, this new data suggests that the decline seen in net migration has not continued as first thought in June of 2011. 51 5,000 people immigrated to the I-JK in the year ending in June 2012, which is significantly lower than the 589,000 who migrated the previous year. 352,000 emigrants left the I-JK in the same time span. 197,000 migrants arrived to study in the year to June 2012, which is significantly lower than 239,000 in the previous year.Study remains the most common reason stated for migrating to the I-JK. As the data shows, more people are immigrating to the UK than leaving. Already the population is climbing within the United Kingdom based on natural increase and now we have an increased amount of immigrants. It makes for one heavily populated country with many issues on its hands. The United Kingdom has a population that continues to grow at a rapid pace, especially with the elderly. This country needs the funding in order to support the elderly as well as the rapid population increase. 10 million people in the I-JK are over 5 years old.Recent projections are for 5h million more elderly people in 20 years' time and that number is projected to nearly double to around 19 million by 2050. The very old are growing even faster. â€Å"There are currently three million people aged more than 80 years and this is projected to almost double by 2030 and reach eight million by 2050. While one-in-six of the I-JK population is currently aged 65 and over, by 2050 one in-four will be. In 2008 there were 3. 2 people of working age for every person of pensionable age. This ratio is projected to fall to 2. 8 by 2033. † -United KingdomGovernment EIOO billion is spent on people over the working age, which is equal to one-seventh of public expenditure. With the elderly population on the rise, along with more immigrants coming to the United Kingdom, this global power needs the tunding in order to support them. A rising dependency ratio and increasing population can result in disaster for any country. Therefore in order to stop that epidemic, the I-JK needs the funding to offer more schooling opportunities for women. It has been proven that women who stay in school longer are likely to have less children than an uneducated woman.The funding would also go to providing pensions to the elderly. As well as helping immigrants migrate to the I-JK. However these are only short term solutions to this problem. With the population expected to reach 70million by 2021, the government of the I-JK needs to take a look at the land it has available and start thinking about the growing population when it comes to the environment, architecture and designing cities. One solution to the land issue is to build up instead of sideways. If you can build an apartment building instead of a one-story house, doesn't it make sense to do so?You can fit a lot more people in the partment building than the house and it takes up the same amount of land. The United Kingdom has a high standard of living as it ranks among the top countries in the world in several categories. In the United Kingdom, the average household disposable income is 26 904 USD a year. However, there is a considerable gap between the richest and poorest – the top 20% of the population earn nearly six times as much as the bottom 20%. In relation to employment, 70% of people aged 15-64 have a paid Job, with 76% of men and 65% women working.Having a good education is an important requisite for finding a Job. In the United Kingdom, 75% of adults aged 25-64 have earned the equivalent of a high-school degree. Life expectancy in the country is 81 years, 83 for women and 79 for men. The United Kingdom does very well in terms of terms of water quality with 97% of people saying they are satisfied with the quality of their water. In general, people in the United Kingdom are more satisfied with their lives than many other countries. Living in satisfactory housing conditions is one of the most important aspects of people's lives.Housing is an essential basic need however it should not Just be four walls and a roof. Housing should offer a place to sleep and rest where people feel safe and have privacy and personal space; somewhere they can raise a family. All of these elements help make a house a home. Although these elements make take the back seat to cost. Cost is key when it comes to buying a house. In the I-JK people spend on average 22% of their disposable income in order to keep a roof above their heads. 89% of occupants within the country say they are satisfied with their current housing situation.In the United Kingdom, the average home contains 1. 8 rooms per person and in terms of basic facilities, 99. % of people in the United Kingdom live in dwellings with private access to an indoor flushing toilet. The United Kingdom p rovides more than adequate housing, this contributes to the high standard of living. Finding a Job can be extremely difficult in todays economy, anywhere you go. However it is almost impossible to survive without one, unless you have a massive inheritance. Therefore, Job security and getting a Job directly contribute to standard of living.In the United Kingdom, more than 70% of the working-age population aged 15 to 64 have a paid Job. Young people in the United Kingdom, aged 15-24, face more ifficulties than most countries with an unemployment rate of 20. 0%. Unfortunately, 2 6% ot the labor torce nave been unemployed tor a year or longer. Workers in the United Kingdom rank near the top of the world based on earnings. The I-JK is full of job opportunities and these opportunities contribute to the high standard of living within the country. England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales each have their own systems of private and publicly funded healthcare.Each country having different policies and priorities has resulted in a number of differences between the systems. Each country provides public healthcare to all I-JK permanent residents that is free at the time of need, paid for from general taxation. In addition, each also has a private healthcare sector which is considerably smaller than the public sector. Population growth can drastically affect the United Kingdom's standard of living. Population growth normally negatively impacts a countrys standard of living because there is more competition for resources.University/college spots will be a lot harder to get and the cost for these institutions are likely to go up as the space they have is finite and they will have more applicants than before. Job competition will increase quickly as people need a source of income to live within the country. The biggest issue with an increased population is the land space available. More homes and buildings will be need to be built to accommodate the increased population. A s available land space begins to become scarce, the cost of the land will become increasingly expensive.As a result, housing and buildings will become more expensive. This can result in a higher level of poverty and a weaker economy. With an increased cost of housing, more and more people will have less disposable income and therefore businesses will hurt. Population growth in a developed country can affect the standard of living in a big way. Poverty can affect anyone but it affects the following 6 groups the most. Family breakdown, education failure, economic dependency, not working, addiction and serious personal debt. Family breakdown can be a divorce, fighting or even Just a misunderstanding.However, children who experience a broken family are more likely to fail school than someone who has a cohesive family. Someone who fails school is less likely to get a Job and therefore be dependent on the government to survive. After this happens addiction may set in as a result of not av ing a Job or purpose in life. Once addiction sets in, serious personal debt can arise as a result of not working yet needing money to feed the addiction. This is a viscous cycle that can start at any point and send someone into poverty. Financial aid will greatly help these people, as the money could go to funding schools in impoverished areas.The aid could also go to addiction programs or creating more job opportunities. Anything to help break this cycle will help decrease the number of people living in poverty. Some current economic problems in the United Kingdom are in the construction and manufacturing industries. Industrial output is now at its lowest level since May 1992 and manufacturing is 20% down on its peak. The Office for National Statistics found most areas of manufacturing were on the slide, with chemical production and wood and paper manufacture leading the downturn. † -The Guardian. Construction outside the capital is dead.Commercial building, a staple to most large firms has never recovered from the financial crisis. Civil engineering has suffered from a lack of infrastructure improvements after a near-E30bn cut in public investment spending. A solution to these problems is to attempt to lure big usinesses into the I-JK and get them to develop areas. However, this may not work, theretore i t the government ot the United Kingdom received the aid money trom Population Probe it could be put to reviving these industries and hopefully making them self-sufficient. Money is one possible solution to reviving these industries.In 50 years' time, the United Kingdom will have a few major concerns in relation to population size. The population of the United Kingdom is expected to reach 70 million by 2021, this can be a huge factor going into the future because the UK is not the biggest country in the world. It will eventually run out of space and resources for the population. An extraordinary amount of money will be needed to keep the economy afloat and keep a high standard of living. Although the standard of living, should drop as housing costs more and more, along with the larger amount of people in the country.Based on the population pyramid the birth rate appears to be declining, if it drops below the death rate in the future, the population of the UK will drop and then a shortage of working age people will result. Especially since the net migration rate has been declining in recent years. However there is a positive to this, there will be less competition in the country. More Jobs will be available and along with other resources. As a result, these items will be easier to acquire, is that a good thing? Will people try as hard as they would if there was more competition?Will everything be done at 80% efficiency because they know they could get another Job with ease? That is the main concern with a birth rate going below the death rate or in other words reaching stage 5 on the demographic transition model. There is a lot of uncertainty when it comes to the future of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom needs money both now and in the future in order to remain a stable country. With a rapidly growing population, especially among the elderly the money, if received today would be used for schooling women, and paying the pensions of the elderly.It has been proven that women who stay in school long have less children than women who do not have post-secondary education. That should help control the growing population. Since net migration to the I-JK has been down in recent years, if the rate of natural increase remains moderate/low, the I-JK should not have to worry about a huge increase in population. Due to the high dependency ratio, the working class cannot cover the pensions of the elderly, therefore government funding would help with that.This would help with the short term problems in the UK but that money will eventually run out. Then the long term crisis on our hands. Hopefully the growing populati on has slowed down but if it has not then building new homes, cities and public transit will be key. Since the amount of land in the country is finite, the money will go towards new ideas of maximizing our land space to allow more people to live within the I-JK. Money is constantly needed in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom desperately needs the funding in order to build for the future and stay afloat during present times.https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.htmlhttp://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-kingdomhttp://www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk/policy/breakthrough-britainhttp://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/value-for-money-in-public-services/the-ageing-population/https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/bulletins/migrationstatisticsquarterlyreport/february2016https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography_of_the_United_Kingdo m

Walmart Case Analysis Essay example

Walmart Case Analysis Essay example Walmart Case Analysis Essay example Walmart Strategic Recommendation As one of the largest retailers in the U.S. and one of the biggest multinational companies in the world, Wal-Mart is strategically positioned to continue to grow. In 2011, Wal-Mart’s net sales were nearly $20 billion, had over 8,400 stores in 14 countries, and employed nearly 2 million people worldwide. However, due to competitors such as Target and Amazon and a smaller global market, Wal-Mart is struggling to keep up with its annual 10% increase in sales. Currently, Wal-Mart operates in Mexico, Canada, Britain, Argentina, Japan, Germany, South Korea, and most recently, China, India, and South Africa. As an international retailer, the company has to expand more aggressively in order to become dominant. A strategic goal of Wal-Mart is to continue to expand globally. Wal-Mart’s strategy for expansion is simple: dominant every sector where it does business. As long as the company is doing well in sales and has dominance over its competitors , it has been successful. The company should continue to expand internationally. In 2011, 26% of net sales were overseas and if Wal-Mart continues to grow in untapped markets, the percentage of overseas sales will be more than domestic sales. As of February 2011, Wal-Mart has only 329 stores in China and only operates jointly with a company in India. Also, while Wal-Mart has been in the Japanese market for almost 10 years, it only has a 2.9% market share. These three countries are where Wal-Mart needs to aggressively expand in order to gain more sales. China has a population of over 1 trillion people and India has over 1 trillion people as well, a total of 2 trillion consumers waiting to be customers of Wal-Mart. The company needs to be aggressive by using previous strategies in previous countries – acquisition, partnership, and go-it-alone ventures. Wal-Mart should merge with existing companies that have been

The First Five Pages

The First Five Pages The First Five Pages The First Five Pages By Maeve Maddox What can an agent tell from the first five pages of your manuscript? According to Noah Lukeman, plenty. The First Five Pages: A Writers Guide to Staying Out of the Rejection Pile analyzes the types of mistakes that appear in 99 percent of the unsolicited manuscripts received by agents and editors. His experience as a literary agent who has read thousands of manuscripts has led Lukeman to this conclusion: From Texas to Oklahoma to California to England to Turkey to Japan, writers are doing the exact same things wrong. The purpose of his book is to show writers how to be their own first readers. The First Five Pages assumes that by scrutinizing a few pages closely enoughparticularly the first fewyou can make a determination for the whole. It assumes that if you find one line of extraneous dialogue on page 1, you will likely find one line of extraneous dialogue on each page to come. Even before he gets to a discussion of such things as dialogue, characterization, and point of view, Lukeman emphasizes the importance of Presentation. By Presentation he means such purely mechanical matters as paper, margins, and enclosing a stamped addressed envelope. No matter how great the artistic merit of a manuscript, careless packaging can keep it from taken seriously. Such inattention to detail, says Lukeman, may signal carelessness, sloppiness, ignorance or defiance of the industrys standards; that the writer doesnt care enough to do the minimum amount of research to make a manuscript industry presentable. Often when a writers presentation is careless, his writing is too. I especially like what Lukeman has to say about the importance of an extensive vocabulary in creating a clear, specific, distinctive style. He notes a dearth of vocabulary in the work of modern writers: It is as if all of todays writers were working from a high school-level vocabularyand writers who do use unusual words more ofen than not misuse them He encourages writers to enrich their vocabulary by learning not just a words current meaning, but its origin and history as wellnot for mere erudition, but in order to fix the word in the writers mind and make it his own. This extra lore is what I call iceberg information, knowledge that floats below the surface of the writing, adding substance without show. Barely 200 pages in length, Lukemans guide puts the writer in the mind of the agent, packing a lot of insight into a small space. The chapters are brief, but to the point, and each one is followed by writing exercises. For the author who has a novel ready to market, The First Five Pages is a valuable tool for the final revision. You can find the book on Amazon.com. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?When to Spell Out Numbers

8 Surefire Signs You Need To Change Careers NOW

8 Surefire Signs You Need To Change Careers NOW It can be scary to change careers, but sometimes it’s the absolute right thing to do. Don’t let yourself get stuck in a career rut. If any of these warning signs apply to you, find yourself a new job STAT. 1. Your weekends are always too short.Everybody’s weekends are too short. But yours are really fraught. You get to the office on Monday and by that same afternoon, you’re counting down the hours until Friday. Then you spend most of your weekend dreading Monday morning. Even Sunday is a waste because you’re so miserable thinking about going back to work.2. You’ve lost your passion.Not everyone can be 100% jazzed about their job at all times. But you’re bordering on burnout. There’s no joy taken in any aspect of your work- even the tasks that used to be enjoyable. You can’t quite remember why you work there anymore. You’ve lost your drive. And now you’re really only there for the money, which probably isnâ⠂¬â„¢t that great anyway, and by no means makes up for the apathy and boredom and pervasive emptiness you feel.3. You feel trapped.It’s precisely when you feel that you can’t get out that you should try your hardest to free yourself. Maybe you’re caught in the trap of losing your motivation because you aren’t being challenged. That vicious cycle will only get worse. You’re eternally bored, which drains your energy, and so on, and so on†¦4. You’re envious of, well, everyone.If you find yourself pining for other people’s career situations, that’s a great sign that there’s something wrong with your own. Clean up your own house. Make sure you’re not looking at other people’s lives, but at your own, and making the changes you need to make. Follow your own big dreams.5. Your health is suffering.Often your body will tell you first when you need to switch jobs. Stress can wreak utter havoc on the body- through bad eating habits, high blood pressure, and even heart attacks. If you’re losing vitality and sleep at a job, or if you have tension headaches, achiness, and fatigue, it’s time to listen to what your body is telling you. Find a way out.6. You have zero work-life balance.Your friends don’t even recognize you anymore. You don’t have any time for family or friends. You’re all stress, all the time. You never do the things that used to bring happiness to your home life. Plus, the people closest to you have noticed a change in you for the worst- either in your appearance or demeanor. You’re constantly worn out and depleted. Time for a makeover for both you and your career.7. Everything is a struggle.Your company culture just makes everything so fraught and unpleasant. You can’t think of a single nice thing to say about your job. You don’t even have a positive relationship with your coworkers where  you can go out and complain abou t it over lunch. You’re a little bit isolated and a lot frustrated.8. You could do better.You’re sure that your talents and abilities could really make a difference somewhere, but they are wasted here. Don’t be too scared to go for your dream career. Chances are, that’s where your passion and creativity lie- and where you’ll actually enjoy going to work each week.

The Impacts Of Global Warming And Ways To Avoid Them Research Paper

The Impacts Of Global Warming And Ways To Avoid Them - Research Paper Example Critics of the global warming phenomenon argue that global warming is in fact not an environmental crisis but a manufactured issue artificially created for a variety of unsavory and politically-inspired reasons. Despite the shrinking number of detractors, global warming is a phenomenon which affects our planet every single day. Seeking to address the political issues surrounding global warming, this research paper will provide a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the global warming phenomenon. We will begin with a discussion of the evidence in support of global warming and explore the connection between global warming and climate change. Although the focus of this analysis will be the political ramifications of global warming, an introductory section must explain what global warming actually is. We then explore the Kyoto Accord and discuss the detractors of this international climate agreement. Due to the politically-charged nature of this international agreement, this essay will explore whether or not there will be a â€Å"post-Kyoto† international climate agreement, and discern whether or not it would be effective at reducing carbon emissions. Although the United States has controversially not implemented Kyoto, we will explore the possible consequences to the United States of the continuation of global warming. Global warming and climate change are two terms which are often used interchangeably. Has a link between global warming and climate change been established? Yes, global warming is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As we shall see below, the effects of global warming include changes in atmospheric temperatures and rainfall, which can lead to climate change (Arnella & Reynard 397). Global warming is most generally described as an average increase in the Earth’s temperatures.

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion Essay

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion detection system - Essay Example The objective of this research is to acquire a better insight about Data Mining-Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems. In this present era the computers are sophistically connected to each other in a form of network. In such networks there is every possibility of intrusion to important data. In order to maintain the integrity, network data has to be secured. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has made Internet usage most important part in everyone’s life and has become a major source of sending and receiving information. However, providing protection to the computers connected in a network is still a main issue to be tackled. In general, every organization wants their data to be safe and secure from the attackers. Information systems are easily accessible and can be intruded by the hackers over the internet if the networks are insecure. In this thesis, there are some procedures mentions for detecting network intrusions using data mining. This thesis also covers the different types of intrusions and justify how they can be best detected using available data mining tools. Data mining can be proved as a very useful method towards identifying any intrusion that might have taken place. The amount of extraction or hacking of data and intrusions are growing day by day. As a result, new intelligent Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are put in place to mitigate the intrusion and safeguard the data. Intrusion needs to be detected as we cannot stop intrusions but we can minimize them and stop hackers from threats. Declaration I certify that this thesis is carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Computer Science, and has no contents copied from any external sources except for those whose references are made with in the text. ---------------------------------- ------------- Mohammed Altaf Ahmed khan Date Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 2.1: Transition from Data to Knowledge (Fayyad, Piatetsky and Smyth, 1996) 10 Figure 3.1 Snort High-Level Processing Stages (Wheeler, 2003)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 Figure 3.2 Bayesian Model Diagram Panda & Patra (2007)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.25 Chapter 1 Introduction In this age of the Information Revolution, there are obvious advantages that can be reaped from the vast and ever growing Internet Community in the web: 24/7 connectivity; robust e-commerce that simplified business transactions and operations; erasure of geographical separation and distance; and access to a multitude of modern means of communications. Yet, as benefits derived from being part of the Internet community are many to mention, one resounding concern that pervades this virtual world is security. Most, if not all, entities participating and part of the Internet world are on their toes, keeping their eyes over their own virtual place in the Internet. It can be said that SECURITY is one big important word in the Internet today. As of this press time, there are many unscrupulous entities that crowd the Internet and are ready to attack anyone and any site that has vulnerability in its network security setup. Since many e-commerce companies and enterprises depend on the Internet for its survival, it is not a surprise that there is a creation and formulation of different way to protect one’s network. Over the past couple of decades, techniques to secure network through latest technology have gained an importance and have proven to be a necessity to any entity maintaining and securing a network. The need for security has spawned in the creation and design of firewalls, cryptography, authentication and most of all intrusion detection systems. Among these security tools, network intrusion detection system holds a potential as a tool against computer crime. An intrusion detection system can simply be called the process of monitoring and an alyzing the events (ie. the traffic of packets going in and out of the network stream) that occurs in a computer system to enable to detect signs of security problems. Yet, as a network security technology tool, intrusion detecti

What is Economics Issues Affecting The Economy As A Whole Essay

What is Economics Issues Affecting The Economy As A Whole - Essay Example The second part of economics deals with the problems rising in the global arena. Humans have unlimited wants but there are limited resources to produce it and when we say resources this is basically referred as the four factors of productions that are used in producing wants. Human race is like an ever hungry beast whose wants are unlimited but there are limited resources to produce it. This issue is referred as scarcity because these resources like oil, mineral, gases take millions of years to form and human beings consume it with a century. (McConnell, 2011) We all know that every human possess some basic needs and beyond these needs there are wants that is only demanded to gain pleasure or to derive satisfaction. Humans have no end to their wants but due to limited income we are forced to make choices as we cannot have whatever we want so we have to select the things we can afford and make sure that the thing we have selected gives us most benefit. When a choice is made one thing is given up in order to obtain what we have selected. The next best alternative that we gave up in order to obtain what we have selected is called opportunity cost. For example between a bike and an I-Phone 5 an individual chooses a bike in this case the I-Phone 5 is the opportunity cost. The concepts in economics can be factual or value based. Objective and fact based information is referred as Positive Economics while value based and subjective information is related to the Normative Economics. Positive economics could be tested and proved or disapproved while the Normative Economics are opinion based. (McConnell, 2011) Macroeconomics and Microeconomics Before we go into further analysis it is very important to dis cuss about the two major branches of economics and that is differentiating between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. These two branches have many basic common ideas and methods in common, the difference lies in the level to which they are studied and the way they are perceived. Microeconomics focuses on individual consumers, workers and firms each of which is too small to have an impact on the national economy. Macroeconomics avoids this distinction among many different kinds of goods, firms and markets that exist in the economy and instead focus on aggregate. For example, in their analysis macroeconomists do not care whether consumers are buying VCRs or DVD players, beef or chicken, Pepsi or Coke. It focuses on summing up individual variables to obtain economic wide totals called aggregation. (McConnell, 2011) Issues affecting the economy as a whole Studying about the structure of the economy is a part of Macroeconomics that studies the performance of the national economy and help s in designing policies that government use to influence the economy. (McConnell, 2011) There are certain issues that affect the economy and the main ones are: Business Cycle Growth in an economy is never smooth, it

Seven Simple Ways to Save Money Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seven Simple Ways to Save Money - Assignment Example It will enhance your knowledge of the world, at the same time, saving you a lot of money. When you cook at home, you have to do the shopping for vegetables and other things. Here you can save money by making a shopping list and taking it with you when you go shopping. Making a shopping list is the second simple way of saving money. Most of us buy unnecessary things on an impulse when we are shopping in the shopping mall. If you have a shopping list, and stick to it, you will avoid impulse buying, and save a lot of money, as well as save another trip to the shops to buy what you forgot. This way, you will be saving on your fuel consumption too. There is another way to save money while shopping- getting a good bargain. So, the third simple way to save money is to survey the market when you buy something, especially when it is something expensive. Some stores will have bargain offers, which offer you stuff at greatly reduced prices. Buying in bulk also helps to save money. You should plan what you want to buy and look out for the best possible bargains. Buying just after Christmas will save you money on many things from clothes to books. Another simple way to save money is to walk or use the bicycle to work. This way, you would be saving on fuel, and at the same time reducing your carbon foot print.

International Business and World Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Business and World Markets - Essay Example In their pursuit of international expansion, companies must overcome barriers such as language differences, currency differences, cultural differences, legal and administrative differences, and skill levels differences. International business is the process of integration and interaction among people and advancing of connectivity and interdependence of businesses and markets. Many small and growing companies have unearthed lucrative new markets abroad and are receptive to franchising, joint ventures or technology transfer, and licensing (Czinkota 2008, p.229). Globalization Drivers Several factors (internal and external) can be outlined as driving the development of a global marketplace. The factors can be outlined as market, environmental, cost, and competitive factors. Parallels within demand conditions across a number of countries facilitate the establishment of single global strategies. For instance, markets such as Europe, America, and the Far East manifest consumer groups that share matching educational backgrounds, lifestyles, income levels, aspiration, and utilization of leisure time. Cost Factors The avoidance of cost inefficiencies and duplication of efforts shape two of the most prominent globalization drivers. In most cases, a single-country population are merely not sufficient for a business to attain meaningful economies of scale Environmental Factors There are diverse factors that affect firms operating on the international scene. These factors can be delineated as incorporating political, economic, technological, and sociocultural factors. The selection of international market involves the interplay of both organizational and environmental factors. Environmental factors may entail opportunistic approaches, local market complexities, and domestic competitive pressures (Czinkota 2008, p.230). Environmental factors such as technological advances allow businesses to leapfrog over phases of economic development. Competitive Factors Global strategies are frequently necessary to safeguard competitors from attaining an undue advantage in both domestic and overseas market. In the event that a competitor manufactures on a global scale and thus attains global economies of scale, this may undercut prices in the home market. Discussion The principal factors that prompt both small and medium-sized forms to make their moves into overseas markets can be categorized as proactive motivations, or factors that explain why companies go global and reactive motivations that elaborate on why the firms have to do so. Expansion within a â€Å"demand-driven† paradigm demands a more intricate, active, and ongoing overseas commitment compared to â€Å"supply-driven† initiatives that highlight the optimization of supply chains (Anne 2007, p.184). The eclectic theory was an intellectual response to the rising role of international production and the multinational corporation within the world economy. There are three factors that outline th e international activities of multinational enterprises: ownership advantages, location advantages, and internalization advantages (Rugman 2010, p.1). Multinationals usually develop competitive advantages at home and then transfer the advantages to certain countries via foreign direct investments, which allow the multinational enterprises to internalize the advantages (Rugman 2010, p.2).  

Conflict of Interest Applied to a Modern Day Journalism Issue Essay

Conflict of Interest Applied to a Modern Day Journalism Issue - Essay Example This essay approves that a conflict of interest issue has been documented in Canadian journalism. The reports that Canadian journalism has turned into a strange place riddled with secret businesses and sex scandals. This report makes a conclusion that conflict of interest often comprises the competition of personal, financial, or professional obligations with an individual’s accountability to their audience and organizations. Such competing interests could challenge the individual’s ability to fulfil their duties impartially, and could potentially influence their performance and duties. Conflict of interest situations faced with journalists include writing about their family members and friends, contributing in press junkets, and accepting hospitality. When journalists are compelled to make decision with competing tenets, it culminates in great damage either on their professional duties or on personal lives, thus developing a conflict of interest. This conflict of interest often involves personal, financial, or professional obligations, which compete with the journalist’s accountability to their media audience and organization. Canadian journalism has turned into a strange p lace riddled with secret businesses and sex scandals. This makes it hard to fathom how competent journalists interviewed groups to which they had personal connection without the knowledge of their employers raising serious issues of conflict of interest and integrity in journalism.

International Business and World Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Business and World Markets - Essay Example In their pursuit of international expansion, companies must overcome barriers such as language differences, currency differences, cultural differences, legal and administrative differences, and skill levels differences. International business is the process of integration and interaction among people and advancing of connectivity and interdependence of businesses and markets. Many small and growing companies have unearthed lucrative new markets abroad and are receptive to franchising, joint ventures or technology transfer, and licensing (Czinkota 2008, p.229). Globalization Drivers Several factors (internal and external) can be outlined as driving the development of a global marketplace. The factors can be outlined as market, environmental, cost, and competitive factors. Parallels within demand conditions across a number of countries facilitate the establishment of single global strategies. For instance, markets such as Europe, America, and the Far East manifest consumer groups that share matching educational backgrounds, lifestyles, income levels, aspiration, and utilization of leisure time. Cost Factors The avoidance of cost inefficiencies and duplication of efforts shape two of the most prominent globalization drivers. In most cases, a single-country population are merely not sufficient for a business to attain meaningful economies of scale Environmental Factors There are diverse factors that affect firms operating on the international scene. These factors can be delineated as incorporating political, economic, technological, and sociocultural factors. The selection of international market involves the interplay of both organizational and environmental factors. Environmental factors may entail opportunistic approaches, local market complexities, and domestic competitive pressures (Czinkota 2008, p.230). Environmental factors such as technological advances allow businesses to leapfrog over phases of economic development. Competitive Factors Global strategies are frequently necessary to safeguard competitors from attaining an undue advantage in both domestic and overseas market. In the event that a competitor manufactures on a global scale and thus attains global economies of scale, this may undercut prices in the home market. Discussion The principal factors that prompt both small and medium-sized forms to make their moves into overseas markets can be categorized as proactive motivations, or factors that explain why companies go global and reactive motivations that elaborate on why the firms have to do so. Expansion within a â€Å"demand-driven† paradigm demands a more intricate, active, and ongoing overseas commitment compared to â€Å"supply-driven† initiatives that highlight the optimization of supply chains (Anne 2007, p.184). The eclectic theory was an intellectual response to the rising role of international production and the multinational corporation within the world economy. There are three factors that outline th e international activities of multinational enterprises: ownership advantages, location advantages, and internalization advantages (Rugman 2010, p.1). Multinationals usually develop competitive advantages at home and then transfer the advantages to certain countries via foreign direct investments, which allow the multinational enterprises to internalize the advantages (Rugman 2010, p.2).  

Effect of Unethical Behavior Article Analysis (ACCOUNTING COURSEWORK) Assignment

Effect of Unethical Behavior Article Analysis (ACCOUNTING COURSEWORK) - Assignment Example Hence, enabling wise investments; this will not only benefit the individual firms but also augment the state’s economic stability. Accounting malpractices presently assume numerous forms that are evident both in the regime’s institutions and in individual corporations. For illustration, inaccurate financial records that result from an intentional manipulation by the responsible individuals (Bisoux, 2005). Since, they do have hidden intentions meant to benefit themselves via presenting false figures that would derail the key organizations’ auditing process. Primarily, these staffs encompass the accountants who are responsible in the daily handling of accounting books. The individuals usually manipulate figures to equal a false amount after colluding with fellow workers and have chopped some amount, hence trying to make a cover up. In some incidents, these malpractices may entail the top officials, but mostly evident amid the middle staffs (Bisoux, 2005). Additionally, the malpractices may entail misusing funds via channeling them in diverse directions to cater for expenses not intended for or inappropriate. For illustration, overspending especially in a venture where the undertakers or those pioneering team would benefit in some way. This deprives the firm the necessary financial resources meant for boosting its sustainability or expansion and instead starts encountering difficulties in its management (Bisoux, 2005). Consequently, this financial misappropriation will indirectly will feature in its accounting standings. This would be via meticulous study by potential investors who will notice the evident misappropriation and decline in investing in it. Since the inception of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, numerous organizations and even regimes have recorded an growth of their economic stability (Bisoux, 2005). This emanates from the accountability, which the act has instilled

Apologia Marine Essay Example for Free

Apologia Marine Essay 1. Definitions a. Metabolism- The process by whichc a living organism takes energy from its surroundings and uses it to sustain itself, develop and grow. b. Photosynthesis-the process by which an organism uses the energy from the sun to produce its own food c. Autotrophs- organisms that are able to produce their own food d. Heterotrophs- organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain it from other organisms e. respiration the process by which food is converted into usable energy for life functions f. homeostasis the tendency of living organisms to control or regulate changes in their internal environment g. diffusion the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration h. osmosis the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane i. osmoconformer and organisms that allows its internal concentration of salts to change in order to match the external concentration of salts in the surrounding water j. Osmo regulator an organism that regulates its internal concentration of salts k. Poikilotherm- an organism whose body temperature changes with its surrounding environment l. ectotherm an organism whose body temperature is controlled by its surrounding environment m. homeotherm- an animal that maintains a controlled internal body temperature using its own heating and cooling of mechanisms n. Endotherm- an animal whose internal body temperature is a result of internal sources of heat o. a sexual reproduction reproduction accomplished by a single organism p. sexual reproduction reproduction that involves the union of gametes from two organisms: a male and a female q. binomial nomenclature identifying an organism by a genus and species name 2. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids 3. oxygen levels would be lower at night than during the day 4. no, they must feed on extra material made by photos synthesizing plants 5. no, both groups containing organisms like that 6. population 7. water will travel through osmosis to the outside 8. the body fluids would change. There would be more concentration of  dissolved substances in the body 9. no. They could have warm blood if their environment is warm 10. yes 11. no 12. the plant from the cutting 13. the cell with 24 chromosomes 14. the cell with 12 chromosomes 15. yes

Perspectives on Fear :: Personal Narrative Writing

â€Å"At the University of California at Irvine, experiments in rats indicate that the brain’s hormonal reaction to fear can be inhibited, softening the formation of memories and the emotions they evoke† (Baard). Sometimes I have trouble sleeping. I lie in bed for hours while my mind churns through endless streams of fragmented thoughts and memories, bits of brain matter that I do not have time for in my waking life. I have tried the homeopathic remedies. I drink â€Å"calming† teas, take showers, and inhale scents advertised to promote sleep and relaxation. I even have a lavender neck pillow. Nevertheless, when I am inflicted with a bout of sleeplessness, there is usually very little I can do but wait it out. I stay away from sleep drugs. The streetlamp outside paints shapes across the wall next to my bed. I can see them in the darkness, dull orange lines that have become familiar in my many restless nights. At the heart of their canvas, they intersect to form a rectangle. A rectangle? For months I believed in this reality of form with the inborn certainty that accompanies that which is obvious. I didn’t have to think about it. Nightly, I would study the shape in a sleep haze, unconsciously harboring knowledge of its regularity. Except that it is not a rectangle. Two forty seven. Nearly three hours after my first attempt at sleep, I stared up at the wall and realized for the first time the distortion within the orange light. Where the lines connected to form the shape, the rectangle, were angles. Obtuse and acute, they had none of the symmetrical regularity that geometry dictates of a true rectangle. The outline on the wall was crooked, skewed, an imperfect representation of the form. I tend to think of my memories as shoeboxes, precise, neatly uniform components that stack tidily in the mind. Somehow I have trained myself to believe that in regularity and order I will uncover the diagram of my true self, a clear-cut explanation for all that I think, say, and do. But in sleepless nights I realize that even old recurring thoughts can be strangely misshapen, and I am thrown into a tailspin. My memories of experiencing fear seem contorted. Among the most vivid of my recollections, they stand out with their potent doses of color, emotion, and experience. They have been with me so long that I rarely question the nature of their composition.

Evolution vs. Creationism Essay -- essays research papers

Evolution vs. Creationism The Evolution vs. Creationism controversy goes all the way back to the Publishing of Origin of Species in 1859 by Darwin laying the foundation for the evolution of life to be understood. Scientists are continuously finding more evidence to support Darwin’s conclusion; that organisms descended from a common ancestor modified by the mechanism of natural selection resulting in the evolution of species adapting to their environment. The following are the main geological topics concerning creationism: radiometric dating, transitional forms and the Cambrian explosion. Creationism is nothing more than a child’s fairytale that lacks any scientific proof. The aspect of radiometric dating is controversial to most creationists on the grounds that it is unreliable and has error factors. One creationist points out: â€Å"a living mollusk was once shown by carbon-14 dating to be dead for 3,000 years† (Geology). There are several things wrong with this idea. Creationists who determined this value used carbon 14 dating which is useful for determining the age of organism 50,000 years old. It is not suitable to be used for such a young organism, so the creationists make it seem as if there is something incorrect with the technique which leads to incorrect dates. Even the biggest errors, found in Carbon 14 dating, do not correspond to the 6000 year old earth that the Bible suggests. It’s almost as if they are trying to ‘create’ problems on the purpose so they can prove...

Demonstrative Communication Essay

â€Å"Communication is an exchange of information, verbal pr written message and is the process of sending and receiving message†. () With communication there must be a sender and a receiver for it to take place. In this paper I will provide examples how effective and ineffective demonstrative communication can be positive or negative on situations. Also I will explain how demonstrative communication involves listening and responding. Demonstrative communication is nonverbal and unwritten communication thought facial expression or body language. Effective ways for a sender and receiver to communicate in a demonstrative way would be to send the right message. Sender would want to make sure the receiver comprehends and understands the sender. For example Kinesics: â€Å"refers to the many behaviors of the body†() these would include posture, gestures, and facial expressions. To make a positive gesture one could give the sender two thumbs up letting them know they did a great job. Letting the sender know they understand the message. A negative gestures would be a frown or to raise an eyebrow. This would provide feedback to the sender letting them know you disagree. Effective communication is a two way street for the sender and receiver. Ineffective ways for sender and receiver to communicate would be if the sender was demanding or ordering the receiver for something, and persuading or lecturing them. For example, using words like â€Å"you must† this may make the receiver think you are being demanding and they may resent you. Lecturing the receiver is another negative way to communicate with them. This may cause them to feel like they are wrong. Hepatic is a powerful form of communication. This would include giving the sender a pat on the back letting them knows you understand and everything was great. A native communication result would be a slap in the face. This would lead to many problems. Demonstrative communication between the sender and receiver will be positive if the sender does not overload the receiver with to much information at one time. If the receiver provides active listening or reading, this will allow the receiver to engage in what the sender is trying to get across to them. Demonstrative communication can also be negative if the receiver has a lack of eye contact or crossing of the arms. Things like this tell the sender one may not be interested in their message they are trying to get across. Provide feedback is a part of responding and giving the sender insurances that you are listening and understood what was being said. With demonstrative communication for example, one can respond by providing feedback like, â€Å"What I’m hearing is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This lets the sender know you are listening to the message.

Mandeville Analysis

Defining â€Å"Vice† To understand Mandible's claim that society is vice-driven, one needs to loosely examine The Grumbling Hive which was later included in his larger work, The Fable of the Bees: OR, Private Vices, Public Benefits. Mandible starts off by describing â€Å"A Spacious Hive well stock's with Bees, That lived in Luxury and Ease† (Mandible, 1705, lines 1-2). He states they were a large colony with science and industry and a good government, evidenced by the fact that â€Å"They were not Slaves to Tyranny† (Mandible, 1 705, line 9).The bees worked hard at their trades, which served to make the society (the hive) thrive, but he observes that this was not without consequences. He notes hat although the hive worked hard and â€Å"Millions were employed† (Mandible, 1705, line 35), there was always a separate class or group that worked harder than the rest: â€Å"And some were damned to Scythes and Spades, And all those hard laborious Trades; Where willing Wretches daily sweat, And wear out Strength and Limbs to eat† (Mandible, 1 705, lines 41-44).He also notes that there is always a group of people who will take advantage of those hard workers for their own gain, and that this deceit was wide-spread and affected all groups and trades. As evidence, he points out that people filed needless assists; lawyers would delay hearings and pocket the retaining fees like burglars looking for the best way to break in; physicians valued money and power over the health and well-being of their patients and instead chose to study â€Å"Rules of Art†; the â€Å"Priests of Jove†, although eloquent,† . Al past Muster, that could hide Their Sloth, Lust, Avarice and Pride† (Mandible, 1705, lines 74, 85, 89-90); the Kings were cheated by those who served them, and even Lady Justice dropped her scales so she could grasp her bribe of gold. (Mandible, 1705, line 142). In this description of the flourishing hive, Mandibl e paints us a picture, not of a society flourishing from hard work, sweat, and â€Å"doing the right thing', but of a society getting ahead through tricks, deceit, and greed.This is the entire basis for his concept of ‘Vice†. We do nothing out of pure altruism. In Mandible's eyes, everything is driven by Our own self-interest, our need to fulfill our own wishes, Wants, and desires through selfishness, dishonesty and indulgence on luxury goods. In the Preface of his larger work, The Fable of the Bees: or, Private Vices, PublicBenefits, Mandible clarifies his position further when he states: † so they that examine into the Nature of Man, abstract from Art and Education, may observe, that what renders him a Sociable Animal, consists not in his desire or Company, Good-nature, Pity, Affability, and other Graces of a fair Outside; but that his vilest and most hateful Qualities are the most necessary Accomplishments to fit him for the largest, and, according to the World , the happiest and most flourishing Societies† (Mandible, 1714, p. ). Mandible's views were refuted by Adam Smith in his 1759 work, The Theory f Moral Sentiments when he stated: â€Å"Every thing, according to him, is luxury which exceeds what is absolutely necessary for the support of human nature, so that there is vice even in the use of a clean shirt, or of a convenient habitation† (Smith, 1 759, p. 506). It is Smith's view that there is no vice present or intended when our actions are â€Å"honorable and noble† (Smith, 1759, p. 501).However, even Smith, who was one of Mandible's biggest detractors, later admitted: â€Å"But how destructive sever, this system may appear, it could never have imposed upon so great a number of persons, nor eve occasioned so general an alarm among those who are the friends of better principles, had it not in some respects bordered upon the truth† (Smith, 1 759, p. 508), leaving us to believe that perhaps Mandible's concept (and consequence) of â€Å"vice† is actually true.The Products of â€Å"Vice† In Mandible's hive, the society and it's economy is driven by the vices of the bees. Their wishes, wants, and desires for â€Å"things† drive the production and consumption of these commodities. An increased demand for â€Å"things† will lead to more people working to produce those items, which will lead to a argue supply available to the populace (many times at a lower cost due to mass production), and an increased consumption of those items, which leads us back to higher demand, which equals more work, and so on.Mandible also goes on to say that there is a causal relationship between this â€Å"vice† and the ingenuity of the worker, which leads to prosperity even for the poorest members of the hive (society): â€Å"Thus Vice nursed Ingenuity, Which joined with Time; and Industry Had carry's Life's Conveniences, It's real Pleasures, Comforts, Ease, To such a Height, the very Poor Lived better than the Rich before; And nothing could be added more† (Mandible, 1705, lines 97-103).It is important to pause here a moment and point out that we are not discussing those items required to meet basic, day-to-day needs (food, clothing, and housing). We are discussing those items over and above the basics, I. E. : fine clothing, fancy furniture, and expensive food and drink (what he would call luxury items). This â€Å"conspicuous consumption† (a term first coined by Thorniest Evolve in his 1 899 book entitled, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of he Evolution of Institutions) still drives our economy today.A large portion of our population lives well above their means. They purchase houses many times larger than they need, drive vehicles marketed to â€Å"upscale† buyers interested in â€Å"brand identification†, and take out second mortgages they can't afford so they can purchase huge Class A motherhood they use on ce a year, or install a pool which sees limited usage, all because of this need to have the â€Å"things† that project a certain image or lifestyle. These luxury items and the markets they drive were huge in our current society, until the bottom fell outOf the market and everything came crashing down. In 2005, Carol Lloyd Of the San Francisco Chronicle noted: â€Å"In the U. S. , a trend in 1 sass toward large houses began, with the average size of a home doubling over the next 50 years. This trend has been compared to the increase in SUB purchases, also often a symbol of conspicuous consumption. People have purchased huge houses even at the expense of the size of their yard, the inability to save funds for retirement, or a greatly increased commute time, up to a couple of hours.Such large homes can also facilitate other forms of consumption, in roving extra storage space for vehicles, clothes, and other objects† (Lloyd, 2005). In The Theory of the Leisure Class, Evolv e argued that social honor was originally based on ownership of private property. In earlier times, wealth was seen as evidence of the instinct of workmanship, but more recently wealth itself is worthy of praise. Originally, the leisure class sought to demonstrate its wealth by not working. But as industrial society evolved, conspicuous consumption became the best way to demonstrate one's wealth.The leisure class is expected to consume the best in food, drink, shelter, argotic, services, ornaments, apparel, amusements, and so on, and because the leisure class stands at the top of this ranking system, it is incumbent on all classes that rank below them to follow their example (Evolve, 1899, Chi. 4). When Vice is Removed So what happens when â€Å"vice† is removed from society? In Mandible's â€Å"hive†, the bees eventually get tired of living in greed and injustice, so they call on Jove to bring virtue to their society. But, Oh ye Gods! What Consternation, How vast and sudden was the Alteration! In half an Hour, the Nation round, Meat fell a Penny in the Pound† (Mandible, 1 705, lines 242-245). Even the lawyers were affected in this new society: â€Å"The Bar was silent from that Day; For now the willing Debtors pay On which, since nothing less can thrive, Than Lawyers in an honest Hive† (Mandible, 1705, lines 250-251 256-257). Justice returned, physicians tended the ill, the clergy ministered, but yet, the hive was still collapsing.Virtue has been restored, but the society begins to self-destruct. With the drive for self-interest gone, economic development dies and the bees become lazy and unmotivated. The bees are now selling off â€Å"Stately Horses by whole sets; And Country Houses to pay Debts† (Mandible, 1705, lines 325-326); they are moving to other trades where they feel they can make a living, only to find that those trades are â€Å"o'er-stocked accordingly† (Mandible, 1 705, lines 342). Their lands and houses aren't worth what they paid for them, work is scarce, all, it seems is lost.So, they resolve to go about everyday life, living as simply as they can to get by: â€Å"And, when they paid the Tavern Score, Resolved to enter it no more† (Mandible, 1705, lines 357-358). The Haughty Chloe has to sell her furniture from the Indies, she goes longer before buying new clothes, and the rare fruits she previously enjoyed are now a thing of the past (Mandible, 1705, lines 367-381). It seems that by seeking honesty and virtue, the society destroyed itself. The bees start to abandon the hive.The few that remain take shelter in â€Å"a hollow tree, Blest with content and Honesty' (Mandible, 1705, lines 407-408), In the last part of the doggerel, Mandible presents ‘The MORAL†: â€Å"Then leave Complaints: Fools only strive To make a Great an honest Hive. Tendon the World's Conveniences, Be Famed in War, yet live in Ease Without great Vices, is a vain Utopia seated in the Brain. Fraud, Luxury, and Pride must live; Whilst we the Benefits receive† (Mandible, 1705, lines 409-416).Mandible commented in the preface to Fable Of the Bees that he wrote The Grumbling Hive â€Å"to show the Vileness of the Ingredients that all together compose the wholesome Mixture of a well-ordered Society†. He further stated that: â€Å"For the main Design of the Fable †¦ Is to she [show] the Impossibility of enjoying all the most elegant Comforts of Life that are to be met with in an industrious, lathe and powerful Nation, and at the same time be bless's with all the Virtue and Innocence that can be wished for in a Golden Age† (Mandible, 1714, p. ). We can apply this notion that vice is the foundation of national prosperity and happiness to the economic mess in the United States today. There came a point in our current economy that people began to realize they were in debt too deep. Many times, applications for credit were â€Å"doctored† so that a consumer could take out more credit than they could really afford. The result was that consumers over-extended and bought multitudes of ‘things† hey did not need and could not pay for in pursuit of â€Å"status†.Once this realization set in, people began to back away from the excesses of the previous decade: they spent less and tried to save more, they started to sell off their expensive purchases, and they tried to cut back, settling for the day- to-day items necessary to sustain life. Some economists say this sudden frugality actually made things worse, because when people stopped spending, the economy shriveled up. The price of land and houses plummeted, new building stopped, workers in all kinds of industries lost their bobs, factories closed, and the unemployment rate skyrocketed.People started defaulting on loans at an alarming rate. The market was flooded with used motor homes and people were stuck with houses they couldn't afford, but couldn't sell. Forec losures were (and still are) at an all-time high. It seems the American dream has vanished. While Mandible believed the ‘Vice† that causes us to buy â€Å"things† in excess is part of the downfall of the hive: â€Å"Great wealth and foreign treasure,† Mandible wrote, â€Å"will ever scorn to come among men unless you'll admit their inseparable companions, avarice and usury: where trade is considerable, fraud will intrude.To be at once well- bred and sincere is no less than a contradiction; and therefore while man advances in knowledge, and his manners are polished, we must expect to see at the same time his desires enlarged, his appetites refined, and his vices increased† (Mandible, 1714, p. 201 it is interesting to note that the Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Denmark and Norway) have remained relatively stable. In these countries â€Å"where many people pay 50% of their income in taxes† to support their high-benefit welfare system, these â⠂¬Å"systems eve been acting as stabilizers to their economies.If you lose your job in Sweden, you can expect to receive of your wages for the first 200 days of inactivity, up to 680 kronor (EYE) per day, dropping to 70% for the following 100 days. If you lose your job in Norway, you will receive 62% of your previous salary for up to two years† (Pouches', 2009). Kristin Halverson, Narrator's finance minister, states: â€Å"In these days, we see that a strong welfare state, together with free education and healthcare, has acted as a buffer that stabilizes the economy† (Pouches', 2009).Perhaps this is why the Scandinavian entries were affected much less than the United States during the recent recession. I doubt it's because Scandinavia is much less prone to Mandible's concept of';CE†. It is much more likely that in a country like the United States where the welfare state has such strong disapproval, the competitive, â€Å"get ahead at all costs† and â€Å"ke ep up with the Joneses† mentality of the American consumer is at fault. It is the â€Å"do anything, say anything† mentality that people are willing to employ to get what they want when they want it, whether they can afford it or not.

John Locke the State of Nature Essay

In the chapter five of The Second Treatise of Government and A Letter Concerning Toleration, John Locke expresses his opinion about property. According to the Bible, all human being is the descendants of Adam and Eve, which mean that this world is common to all humankind. However, in order to that the property is significant to people, the property must be your own private property. The individuals are different from the land and other properties. Everyone is entitled to the private rights; the personal private property may be obtained by the working, and the personal private property is out of the scope of the public property. Therefore, through manual labour, the public properties become privatization. Nevertheless, the privatization of public property is limited; the way to obtain the private property is only in the situation that does not damage others will be accepted by others. Only under such situation that people have provided appropriate resources to others, can they gain own properties to achieve their satisfactory goals through contribution and work. God gives treasure to humans, but does not look forward to seeing humans using it improperly. God expects humans to share and use the treasure in proper way and by their own work. How much treasure people should earn should be decided according to how much they contribute and need. However, it is not ethical to get properties by violating others. When people cannot implement or distribute natural resources in proper ways, others turn such resources into their own properties via ethically appropriate implementation. The right of gaining property from work is prior than land’s public-owned status, since most of what people gain is via their hard work instead of natural resources. Above all, if people are willing to work on and properly implement public-owned resource properly, such work will give property as a return. In addition, John Locke indicates that the reason why currency came out was people was making efforts on storing some resource which tended easily to go bad, and making them better use and higher profits. Currency does not have actual value, but its value is from the exchange of other resources. It is pointless to occupy extra property which exceeds the actual need and ability of using it, and is not honest either.

The American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The American Dream - Essay Example Essay on The American Dream provides us with numerous controversies that have emerged regarding The American Dream from diverse intellectuals in both America and other global states. Mainly, these encompass the real, practical meaning of The American Dream besides what the incumbent and other former patriotic leaders have tried passing on to the citizens. The essay example shows that some intellectuals and especially from the other global states have linked The American Dream with greed for materialistic gain, whereby they have cited US’ pretentious diplomacy. Since, US’ interest in other global states’ affairs is not to help them to resolve conflicts or ensure peace, but dexterously benefit from them especially in the oil rich regions (Middle East) (Gawenda). Consequently, this has prompted numerous spiritual intellectuals stating the actual hidden meaning of the dream as â€Å"greed, capitalism and failure of spirituality† evidenced in the America presen tly (Lillie 36). This is evident in the current US’ augmenting moral decay characterized by legalizing of both marijuana and gay marriages. Some intellectual critics have also cited the prevailing racism and inequality among the Americans have soiled the real meaning of the esteemed American Dream. This is because many people especially those emanating from the lower class claim that, only the whites comprise the high percent of affluent Americans.

Why drug testing should not be allowed in schools Research Paper

Why drug testing should not be allowed in schools - Research Paper Example The paper discusses briefly on the reasons why drug testing makes apparent sense and then talks in greater detail about why it should not be allowed for the right reasons on issues very closely related to it. The brief digression is intended to highlight the rationale why it should not be allowed at all. It can be safely said that there are always two sides to an issue; debate and arguments can get heated and become divisive as long as people hold opposing views and stands on issues which they think and feel affect them and has an important bearing on their lives. This is the case with issues like abortion, euthanasia (mercy killing), same-sex unions, organ donations, the more recently-repealed DADT (dont ask, dont tell) policy in the military services and many others. A more closely-related legal issue is the use of plea bargains which critics say tends to undermine the whole judicial system by letting criminals off the hook lightly with a suspension or probation. This is the same situation with regards to the use of drug testing, whether voluntary or not. This particular issue resonates with almost everyone concerned, as the problem of drug use is quite a widespread social and health problem, given the proliferation of illegal drugs in society today. The drug problem is certainly a menace and many citizens feel that American society is about to overwhelmed by the enormity of this problem. Various solutions have been proposed to deal with it and drug testing is gaining popularity because it seems to make sense to most people. The idea of drug testing has caught on even among populist politicians, who proposed using it in varied aspects of American life such as applying for welfare benefits, where a welfare applicant has to take the drug test first and if he comes out clean, then he gets reimbursed for the expense and qualifies for welfare. If not, he waits for one year and take the test again (Cohen, 2011, p. 1). The idea has even been

1-Why is the GLOBE Study so important to the development of Assignment

1-Why is the GLOBE Study so important to the development of multicultural studies2- How can you develop Cultural Intelligence (CQ) Is CQ related to Emotional Intelligence (EQ) - Assignment Example The GLOBE study is significant in the development of multicultural studies since it relies on support from cultural scholars like Hofstede, Schwartz, and Smith. We can develop cultural intelligence by being curious and interested in different cultures. Devising learning strategies and finding entry points into new cultures develops cultural intelligence (Rasmussen, 2014). Developing awareness about issues relating to other cultures also develops cultural intelligence. Embracing cultural diversity and accepting people from different cultures develops cultural intelligence (Rasmussen, 2014). Developing awareness on my bias towards other cultures helps one to avoid cultural ignorance. Believing in one’s ability to adapt to culture helps in understanding different cultures that defines cultural intelligence (Rasmussen, 2014). Evidently, cultural intelligence relates to emotional intelligence in that emotional intelligence is one of the components of cultural intelligence (Earley & Mosakowski, 2004). Other components of cultural intelligence include cognitive and physical intelligence. Moreover, emotional intelligence factors that relate to social competence define cultural intelligence. As such, specific aspects of emotional intelligence relate to certain cultural intelligence factors (Earley & Mosakowski,

Brand Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Brand Implementation - Essay Example It is a process for constant and reliable application of the brand image among major of the leading business units, media and communication channels. However, it does not encompass the design and creation of brand identity. Industry Background and the Competitors EAT was founded in the year1996, with the determination of delivering best quality food, coffee and soup in London at rational price. Presently, more than 100 shops all over London are offering handmade food every day. According to the statistics of the year 2011, the organization is having market share of 76%. The CAGR is +27%. It mainly offers soups, sandwiches, pies, salads, wraps, sushi, desserts, cold drinks, juices, coffees etc. Mark &Spencer, Pret a manager, Costa, Starbucks are the main competitors of the company. The sales growth for the year 2011 is more than 13%, whereas the outlet volume growth is more than 11%. The founder of the company is Faith MacArthur and Niall MacArthur. According to them, EAT is a family owned organization dedicated to provide quality food. People of London can also get the home delivery option from the registered company website. Few simple steps will help to bring the food in home within a small period of time. Challenges and Opportunities In order to determine EAT’s challenges and opportunities, SWOT analysis can be framed below. The SWOT analysis will help EAT to make a better brand positioning for the company. This strategic framework will help to reveal EAT’s internal strengths, weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. SWOT Analysis Strengths The food quality is superior. Homemade fresh food used to offer every day by the organization. More than 100 shops are situated in London. The price of the food is also rational. The sales growth is more than 13%. The volume growth is 11%. They used to provide home delivery for every individual customer. The organization has become popular among the local customers. Market share is more than 76%. T he CAGR rate is also more than 27% Experience is more than 10 years. Weaknesses The outlets are only London based. CSR reports are not included. Lower range of products has failed to increase customer base. The space area is very limited within the outlets. New and menu sections in the company website are not accessible. Cost of production is very high. Relevant information is very nominal for the company. Inadequate packaging quality. Opportunities Expansion of business footprint across the country. Traditional food items can increase the brand awareness of people. Promoting food menu and price range in social media networks. Cost-effective business operation strategy may result profit maximization. The organization can introduce healthy food items as the demand for healthy foods is increasing. Need to tie-up with hospitals, trains and several domestic and international airways. Designing new logo and slogan. Online promotional activities will increase the brand awareness. Threats Big competitors like Sainsbury, Tesco, and Marks & Spenser’s will pose a big threat to the company. As it is a sensitive industry, the organization may face several legal barriers. Huge capital required in order to expand business. Economic downfall and low disposable income of people. People are tending to avoid outside foods due to the food safety factors. One unsatisfied

The Curriculum and Instruction Case Analysis Assignment

The Curriculum and Instruction Case Analysis - Assignment Example The Principal is far more than the physical head of a school or a person with abundance of knowledge. He is also the role model and a great leader cum visionary, who propels his entire family of teachers and students towards success. In today's world of extreme competition and marketing strategies to attain that sharp edge over the others, Principals, as the head of the institution have a greater role to play. It includes living up to the expected standard of the school, while also catering to the current demands of the market; all this while obliging and adhering to the rules and guidelines prescribed by statutory bodies and boards of education in the area concerned. The case study on GATE is one such example of the number of responsibilities and decision-making abilities that must be realised by the Principal. Assuming that I am the Principal of Monet Middle School located at La Solana, I would deal with the problem, in a tactful and with a more open perspective and outlook. Since the issue deals not only with the educational point of view, but with a broader issue like heterogeneous ethnic backgrounds and the pressure to categorise students, it needs great amount of confidence and strength to chalk out a pathway to satisfy a large number of the people involved, take great care not to hurt the sentiments of the diverse population, and yet adhere to principles and codes of conduct. The case study says that the school has about 23% of the students attaining their education through the Voluntary Ethnic Enrolment Program (VEEP), about 53% of the students consisted of those qualifying for the Gifted and Talented Education (GATE) program and about 5% of the students have been recognised as those with special needs that requires them to attend the Special Education Program. With such diversified population, it is indeed an uphill task to bring and bind all of them together. The Tracking System that segregated the students was initially implemented in the school and then, it was done away with great difficulty but with immense conviction. It brought about great changes for the better and also raised the normal standard of education and results. Most importantly, it bridged the gap between students emerging from various backgrounds and with different levels of intellectual quotients. As the Principal, I am now faced with a challenge---the school board has passed an ordinance that calls for the implementation of the tracking syste

Summer Essay Essay Example for Free

Summer Essay Essay On a hot summer day, a great place to go is to the beach. You would go out to the beach to enjoy the water, the sun, the activities that are happening, or just to be with family and friends. When youre at the beach, there are some very distinct smells. You can smell the salt from the water along with the heat from the sand. My most favourite smell of all is the sweet coconut smell of sun tanning lotion that people put on themselves while they lay into the sun to basically cook. If youre looking for a quiet day of relaxation at the beach, I dont think that will work out too well. The beach is always really loud throughout the day. You can hear the loud motors of the boats and the waves of the water as they come crashing through to shore. Youll definitely be able to hear the laughter and the excitement of the kids of all ages as they splash around, play games, and build sandcastles. While youre at the beach you can always get involved in some fun activities, if you arent able to relax. You can go fishing, if you like touching the slimy scales of the fish and the soft touch of the cold water. Just make sure you dont get the rough, coarse sand in your shorts because you wont like that too much. Overall the beach is lots of fun to go to, if you just want to get away from the busy everyday city life. If you are there early enough, you will be able to see a beautiful, bright sunrise and if you enjoy staying out on the beach until the evening, Im sure you can catch a calming and loving sunset. After the sun has gone down for the night, you can sit in the sand and stare up at the amazing dark blue sky and bright shining stars.

From Teacher To Facilitator Education Essay

From Teacher To Facilitator Education Essay As time pass by many definitions have changed. In the educational scene a major role change has occurred. A teacher has been changed to facilitator. As our young generation is very smart there is no need to teach them. Our major role is to facilitate them to sail smoothly around the world, to get along with the people and understand the concepts. As the teacher training institutions are lagging in metamorphosing the teacher into facilitator the responsibilities are with the schools to train their teachers and to change the teachers as to effective teachers or facilitators. The teacher is not an instructor or task masters; he/she is a helper and a guide. His/ her business is to suggest and not to impose. He does not actually train the pupils mind, he only shows him how to perfect his instruments of knowledge and helps and encourages him in the process. Sri Aurobindo. EXPECTED QUALITIES OF A TEACHER: A teacher should play a dynamic role in cultivating a sense of International understanding. It is highly possible in schools as it is said that the young bamboo can easily be bent. For which a teacher must have the following professional ethical values to become an effective teacher. Preparation and professional growth; A teacher must maintain an open mind towards educational theories and methods of teaching etc. He / she must try to refine and improve his/her method of teaching, evaluation and interaction etc. This can be attained by participating periodically in In service programmes. Relationship with pupils; An ethical teacher must have a fair relationship with the students. He/she should deal the pupils in a spirit of kindness and democracy. Any religious, political or other private beliefs should not be imposed on pupils. The teachers should protect the rights of pupils. Relationship with parents and community; Teachers should maintain a cordial relationship with the parents and community. Apart from attending school duties a teacher can take part in any activity which is for the improvement of the community. They should not attend any of the activities which would harm their teaching efficiency. Relationship between teachers and school officials; It should be very co operative, not to take any unfair or undue advantages of ones public position. They should not pass any unfavourable comments on any of their colleagues especially in their absence. CODE OF CONDUCT: Every profession has its own code of conduct to be followed by the practitioners. They are monitored by respective professional organizations to safeguard the dignity of the profession, like Bar council for Lawyers and Medical council for doctors. But there is no such professional body to monitor the code of conduct of teachers. As well as now a days there are some issues exposed by the Medias in such a way that the entire field of this profession becomes anti social. This creates an unsecured feeling among the teachers which affects their efficiency a lot. So, this is the duty of the school managements to take care of this and to provide comfort and spiritual support to the teachers to obtain maximum teaching efficiency. ROLE MODEL: Be the change what you want as the words of Mahatma the teacher one who wants to build the values in the young minds of his/her students must possess their own personal values like; Simplicity, Punctuality, Acting without bias, Being duty conscious, Maintaining language and dress code, Helping the poor and needy etc. According to Hawkins, the soul is not contained within the body but outside, in the theatre of commitments. It is the relationships that one forms with those around them, shape the personality and character of an individual. So, the teacher education institutes must take up the responsibility to inculcate the above values added to their curriculum. When a facilitator is kind, emphathetic and gives importance to human values. He himself becomes a role model. There is no need to preach or teach. He becomes the pied piper who lures away students with his enchanted knowledge. CLASS ROOM MANAGEMENT: Education is not filling a bucket but lighting a fire W.B.Yeats. Research has shown us that teachers actions in their class rooms have twice the impact on their students achievements as do school policies regarding curriculum, assessment, staff congeniality and community involvement. The teachers should be able to empathize with students, understand their world and listen to them. They should be certain, decided and clear in the way they communicate with students. PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING: According to Sri Aurobindo the principles of teaching are, The first principle of true teaching is that nothing can be taught. The second principle is that the mind has to be consulted in its growth. The third principle is to work from the near to the far; from that which is, to that which shall be. Any teacher who follows these principles can be an effective teacher. BEST PRACTICES FOR TEACHING, LEARNING IMPROVEMENT: Each child is unique. Educating the whole child is the need of the hour. Effective teacher will make a life changing difference for students, conform to effective practice and essential standards. In USA, it was initially focused on the employment of highly qualified teachers, and newer thinking has upgraded to highly effective teachers as no child should be left behind. The National Development Council of India in 2001 added this as one of the standards for the professional development which will improve the learning of students that every Teacher Training Institution should Focus on quality teaching including content knowledge and pedagogy for staff development. A teacher may possess all the appropriate content and pedagogical background and be fully licensed or certified to teach, but in reality, may not be one whose qualifications make a difference in the classroom. In other words, being highly qualified does not necessarily mean that a teacher is highly effective in facilitating student learning. An effective teacher is the one who is able to make children understand the concept, learn it and execute it. An effective facilitator does not complicate on the students brain with too much information like an expert cook adds only the essential amount of salt (information) to make the soup (studies) tasty. In fact, recent research asserts that the teacher is the most important factor affecting learning. The teacher is more important than family background or environment, and, classroom resources or technology. TEACHERS AS FACILITATORS: The Research Report at 7 major US Universities presented by Seymons and Hewitt (1977) describes the following as essentials for teaching effectiveness. All the schools can follow them for the school improvement and thus the national development. A method of assessing effective teaching by monitoring the students whether they are actively engaged, concentrating and interacting, laughing, completing tasks and anticipating what comes next. The teacher should be knowledgeable, enthusiastic, approachable and caring. The teacher should give constructive feedback and supports less able students, using a wide variety of teaching methods. The teacher should be responsible risk taker and willing to innovate. The teacher should appreciate the creativity of the students and encourage their thinking outside the box. The teacher should encourage the questioning attitude of the students. The focus in the classroom is on how to learn rather than what to learn. The skills of critical thinking should be consciously thought rather than asking the students to compare and contrast. Finally, the teacher should help the students to practice the skills. Sri Seshaas Teachers as Facilitators: We almost follow all the steps. In our school we provide a fear free schooling and the exact CCE (continuous and comprehensive evaluation) is carried out. There is no fixed date of exam and tension to the students and so they enjoy their stay and learning in the school. The most essential criteria for the appointment of teachers of our school is their attitude towards the children and their profession and not their number of degrees they have. We have 10% reservation in admission for the special children. We dont call them as less able but special. A team of our teachers under the leadership of our consultant psychologist works hard as responsible risk takers. We name it Punyabhadra. The students are encouraged in creating their own ideas rather than feeding them with ours. Whenever they take part in the outside competitions like science exhibition etc. We dont bother about the result but the students own ideas and active participation are given importance. This freedom made them even at NASA Space School Learning Centre to succeed with their miniature models of Rocket and Rover. We adopt idiscoveri methodology in which teaching learning is child centered. Our teachers job is to answer the students questions and not just to finish the number of topics. Every day morning assembly is taken charge by the students. Almost every student is given a chance to take part in it. It gives them a pride, encourages them to take responsibilities. As they give the thought for the day etc. and address the assembly they get rid of their stage fear. It is practical that the important incident of the day is let out for open discussion and helps the children to develop their critical thinking. School is a wonderful platform to bring out the students knowledge, skill and desire. In order to make our school children rational and to fulfill their objective we have 9 clubs like literary club, cookery club etc. functioning in our school. These clubs facilitate each child to find, to practice and to perform their skills. It helps them in improving their self confidence. We have a programme called Fancy Fete on every Republic day (26th Jan.). Its a display cum sales of craft works made by our children especially with waste materials, for a noble cause. Every year they donate the entire proceeds of this programme to a charitable home. CONCLUSION: An effective teacher can have a profound influence on learning so as to increase the student learning gains. School is an arena where a student learns everything. This is a place where a student learns everything. This is a place where a child is made to put his whole potential to invoke his/her hidden ideas. All our practices are aimed at creating good human beings and not any particular professionals. It might be a small step for us but itll be a giant leap for the innovative teaching learning field. If our motive is good its sure that we can do wonders. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I, V.Minnalkodi, Principal of Sri Seshaas International Public School, Salem, Tamil Nadu, thank whole heartedly, the God Almighty for His blessings and for being always with me. I sincerely thank my management for their support and guidance especially for my correspondent, Mrs.B.Amarjothi for her friendly approach. I wish to thank my colleagues and students who are the real platform of my learning. I also wish to thank my family members who are my moral supporters.