Telemedicine And The Elderly Adult Health And Social Care Essay

IntroductionThe new age of engineering is all around us, from Blackberry, Blue Tooth, GPS, I-Pads, I-Phones, I-Pods, and Smart Phones, ‘there ‘s an App for that'-anywhere we go and anything we want to make. Whether we accept or non, our private lives, our callings, and even our wellness concerns are invariably transformed by engineering. A We may kick, but in actuality, we would non hold it any other manner. Health attention engineering can be every bit simple as a proctor worn by a patient, or the usage of a handheld device at a patient ‘s bedside, that sounds an dismay at the possibility of a critical job. The hereafter of wellness attention engineering is about impossible, such as a sawbones sitting outside the operating room or as far off as another state, steering surgical instruments as an android machine performs intricate encephalon surgery in a infirmary. Soon, automatons are utilized in hospital scenes to implement bringing of medicine, lab specimens and consequences, and wellness records to assorted floors. A Robots can present these services in an efficient mode by make up one's minding and recalculating the best class to take to accomplish its undertaking, while carefully maneuvering clear of obstructions to finish the path. This paper about future tendencies in telemedicine focal points on the current and future impact of telemedicine in relation to caring for the rap idly increasing aged population.TelemedicineRemote and little populations in the United States are often at a disadvantage when they need entree to wellness attention. Disabled aged folks may non hold transit to see a doctor, if there is even one near adequate to entree. In an article focused on bettering diabetes attention in rural countries, Massey, Appel, Buchanan, and Cherrington ( 2010 ) explain that, â€Å" Residents of rural countries face extra barriers aˆÂ ¦ , including limited entree to wellness attention services, suppliers, and instruction plans ; high rates of poorness ; low degrees of wellness literacy ; and increased distances from societal webs ( p. 20 ) . In these state of affairss, the solution to wellness attention isolation for these persons is telemedicine. Telemedicine, defined as the â€Å" usage of telecommunications engineering to present health care at a distance from the patient † ( Stedman ‘s, 2005 ) , is besides known as â€Å" telehealth † . Telemedicine allows aged folks in rural or medically underserviced countries receive sufficient health care. The efficient exchange of medical records and informations between multiple doctors, specializers and/or druggists, while trial consequences and ordering instructions discussed between the patient and the doctor or other attention suppliers, is the end of telemedicine. Physicians ‘ communication over the telephone about intervention for a patient is a signifier of telemedicine, every bit good as an cyberspace videoconference between suppliers in different parts of the state or universe. Telemedicine can function the patient in the absence of place wellness attention every bit good as provide support and information for place wellness care-givers. Proctors can assist the patient keep path of medicines, blood force per unit area, and weight. In the yesteryear, a place wellness nurse necessitating instructions for medicine dosin or intervention for a peculiar patient may hold had to wait for a telephone call. Current computer-based information systems provide patients and their health professionals with support and information at the clip support and information is needed. Telemedicine brings the expertness and cognition of a distant specializer into the audience room of a little rural health care installation, or transfers the CAT-scan consequences of a patient in a rural community to a radiotherapist in another topographic point. The most recent promotion in telemedicine is the development of nomadic solutions that are non reliant on fixed systems, but employ nomadic orbiter and cellular telecommunication webs for the bringing of health care ( Kroemer, Fruhauf, Campbell, Massone, Schwantzer, Soyer, & A ; Hofmann-Wellenhof, 2011 ) .A Mobile telephones and personal digital helpers ( PDAs ) are used to present patient information. Mobile telemedicine is critical to the success of exigency medical services ( EMS ) forces before and during conveyance of a patient to a infirmary ( Parker, 2005 ) . Telemedicine is besides utile in educating doctors, nurses, and other medical forces. A The deficit of nurses, and likely besides the deficit of doctors, is due in portion to deficiency of instruction of medical staff. At least portion of the preparation of staff members can be with computer-based application systems. Application package can imitate exigency or intervention state of affairss to give the trainee practical hands-on preparation. In add-on, pupils can take specialised tests designed based on their ain degree of expertness.Telemedicine and the AgedTelemedicine, telecare, and telehealth, are all footings used interchangeably to depict distant monitoring of patients utilizing information, communicating, and engineering ( ICT ) . Patients are monitored through clip-on monitoring devices that send wellness position information from the patient to the wellness attention supplier electronically, in add-on to electronic mails, informations and imaging direction, and videoconfere ncing. Old ages ago, physicians made house calls to analyze their patients. With telemedicine, physicians can now do a practical house call. Patients can link themselves, or be connected by a attention supplier, to glucose metres, blood force per unit area turnups, radio graduated tables, and many other electronic devices that track the patient ‘s wellness daily and direct the consequences to the patient ‘s doctor. The Personal Emergency Response System ( PERS ) is another device for supervising aged patients. The PERS is typically worn as a pendent or a wristband, and automatically sends an qui vive if the patient falls or has another type of exigency. In an article featured in the diary â€Å" Age and Ageing † , Miskelly ( 2001 ) provinces, â€Å" Recent developments in new engineering are the topic of intensive research destined to do an of import part to the attention of older people, both in establishments and at place ( P. 455 ) . † In add-on, a 2010 survey conducted by BCC Research predicts that elder attention engineering and specifically engineering that proctors long-run attention installation occupants for falls and general wellness indexs, â€Å" were valued at $ 2.3 billion in 2010, and are expected to make $ 3.4 billion by 2015 † ( Long-Term Living 2011, ) . The U.S. population over age 65 is anticipated to more than double by the twelvemonth 2050. As the per centum of aged population additions, so does the rate of disablement, infirmity, and chronic diseases. Weakened aged grownups whom live entirely and suffer from chronic unwellness necessitate some signifier of every twenty-four hours monitoring. Home wellness attention helpers may assist, but most are non available to be with their client ( s ) on a full clip footing. In add-on, the greater portion of the aged population could non pull off to pay for this type of attention if it existed. The most accessible signifier of full clip monitoring for aged persons is a wearable device that monitors the person at all times. The most frequent chronic diseases of the aged are cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, neurological, and diabetic conditions. The weak aged are besides more likely to see falls. An article written by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC, 2012 ) reveals that â€Å" Each twelvemonth, one in every three grownups age 65 and older falls. Fallss can do moderate to severe hurts, such as hip breaks and caput hurts, and can increase the hazard of early decease. † Frequent monitoring of an person ‘s physical calm and critical marks may increase the likeliness of forestalling a dangerous event. â€Å" Home based gesture feeling might help in falls bar and aid maximise an person ‘s independency and community engagement † ( Patel, Park, Bonato, Chan, & A ; Rodgers, 2012, p. 2 ) . With other telemedicine systems patients monitor their ain critical marks utilizing blood force per unit area turnups, finger detectors to mensurate O impregnation, and graduated tables for supervising weight. A The informations transferred over web connexion to the database waiter where it is stored. The doctor or other healthcare supplier can entree the information remotely. The major difference between this type of system and the wearable monitoring devices is degree of user interaction. A The wearable proctors send signals automatically, where the blood force per unit area turnup, finger detectors and graduated tables are attached to home integral monitoring Stationss and necessitate interaction by the patient. A In add-on, being connected to a computing machine, they are non mobile, as are the wearable proctors.Restrictions and BarriersWhile telemedicine shows positive results for the aging population, legion barriers stand in the manner of its widespread execution. â€Å" Thos e barriers include deficiency of consciousness of available engineerings and jobs utilizing engineering among older consumers, deficiency of fiscal inducements to utilize or put in engineering, deficiency of consensus on the value of specific engineerings and unequal engineering substructures † ( Alwan & A ; Nobel, 2008, p. 3 ) . For illustration, some aged persons have negative intension when they think of engineering. They are either uninformed or uneducated about engineering, so are immune to devices that could assist them unrecorded longer, happier, more independent lives. In add-on, some folks may hold frights about their demand for such devices. Some older grownups and their household members may non hold the income to afford such devices which makes it hard for usage of the engineering to go a common pattern. Poor substructure is another obstruction, which is the inability of different information systems to pass on with one another. â€Å" Without this â€Å" interop erability, † EHRs created by one doctor ‘s information system can non be shared with or accessed by another doctor utilizing a different information system, a quandary that clearly defeats one of the intents of EHRs, which is to better co-ordinate attention † ( Alwan & A ; Nobel, 2008, p. 1 ) .The Future of TelemedicineThe widespread popularity and usage of telemedicine will non take off in the following five old ages, but telemedicine will easy be used by more patients and doctors than it is now. Distance will go less of a factor because of betterment in telecommunication and high-speed informations webs in general. As telecommunication progresss, so will telemedicine. Currently, wellness issues and life endangering conditions necessitating forte audience may take hours or even yearss to get the needed information. In the hereafter, forte audience could be an immediate communicating with a specializer sing the patient at the same clip as the go toing doctor. At pr esent, developing countries still need to get the engineering for usage of telemedicine. For this sector the usage of telemedicine in wellness attention countries such as general surgery, paediatricss, and exigency attention will better over the following five to ten old ages.DecisionThe life of each person is impacted by new engineering every twenty-four hours. The prevalence of engineering in our lives will merely go on to increase in the hereafter. From smart phone wellness â€Å" apps † to distance-guided robotic surgery, wellness attention engineering will go on to be enhanced and improved upon. Telemedicine is presently used in potentially every facet of communicating in wellness attention, from physician/specialist, physician/patient, and patient/healthcare supplier. Telemedicine is used to develop wellness attention staff and nurses where there is a deficiency of pedagogues available. Specialists and primary attention suppliers can see patient medical records, physica l history, and radiological images at the same clip, or even by a group of specializers through video-conference. The aged receive support and attention through telemedicine with the usage of proctors worn on the organic structure or connected to a computing machine. In the hereafter, I think it is possible that the monitoring systems will do it possible for medical information related to an exigency to make the infirmary exigency room staff before the patient arrives by ambulance or chopper. When needed, a specializer will look to be in the exigency room with the patient and staff, even though the specializer may be stat mis off. Harmonizing to Cowan ( 2010 ) , â€Å" Real ‘Health Care Reform ‘ requires cardinal alterations in pattern – which in bend requires effectual usage of information engineerings and acceptance to altering consumer outlooks † ( p. 379 ) . A As telecommunication progresss, so will telemedicine and all other facets of wellness attentio n engineering.A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

College Tuition Essay

College as we all know is very pricey from the cost of tuition all the way to the text books and fee’s, but the question I’m sure everyone including myself would like to know is why? And where all the money that we pay is actually going. College is what everyone knows as furthering there education or it’s a way to get a better paying job. One of the very first things people look at when applying for a college the is the tuition. How much is this school going to cost me. The cost of college tuition has changed a lot over the years. who knows what it will be in the next five ten years. But as for right now its expensive enough. With there being so many different colleges across the U. S. There should be one universal cost for all the four year colleges and one for the two year colleges instead of having one college cost thousands of dollars more then the other ones. I am in my second year of college at the community college of Denver, and granite it’s one of the cheaper schools I still think that the cost is outrages. We go to college to better our lives to get more training and education. So we can get that better paying job. Its not easy to do and not every one can do it. But is spending all this money really helping us better our lives or is it making life harder and more stressful? Most people cant pay the full tuition up front so they look at there options. Taking out a loan, or getting on a payment plan. If you decided to take out a loan that’s great you don’t have to worry bout money right now its taken care of. What happens later on down the road when your out of school finally and still broke but this time your in more debt then you know how to handle. Is it necessary to have the cost of tuition so high that a lot of people cant afford it, are school boards or school officials trying to put us in debt? It’s hard enough to get out of debt and when your there the money just keeps adding up. Tuition is different for every school and I’m sure there is a hand full of people if not more that have taken out loans to help pay for there way through school. Even after you pay your tuition you still have text books and other fees that are totally separate from what you already paid. Is attending college really helping us better ourselves or is it just helping us dig ourselves in to places like debt that are hard to get out of? College is expensive for multiple reasons. It may seem like your paying all this money for nothing but in all reality your not. The money you pay goes towards keeping the campus clean and running. Your paying so much so they can hire the bestinstructors. So they can to teach you all they can for what you have paid. You pay the money might as well get all you can out of it. Those are the two main reason to why you pay so much in tuition is to keep things running. The money also buys computers for labs and materials you might need minus your text books. There is maybe a handful of things that you can think of that maybe our money that we pay for tuition goes towards. It still feels like we pay more then they need us to. Every class has its own requirements. Most classes require you to purchase a text book that you may or may not use during the semester. You go to buy the book and you see the price and it isn’t cheap not even the used ones are all that cheap. Why have us pay so much in tuition if we still have to purchase books and other things. The cost of books aren’t cheap. Why cant there be class sets. Were we check them out and in order to receive a grade for that class at the end of the semester you have to check your book back in. not everybody wants to buy a book they will use once. I personally think that with all the money we give the school for tuition they could at least supply the books and materials needed. Isn’t there a better way then having us as students spend more money then necessary. We just want to further our education not be put in debt or tight money situations. The more you pay the better education and training your going to get, because the board of educators can afford to hire better educators. There are lots of colleges around the united states, and every one has a different tuition price. As well as different fields that they can help teach you more about or train you in. for an example metro is known for the school of business. Most schools have one specialty program that A. is always really pricey and B.  makes sure you get where you would need to be when you get that college degree. They are pretty much saying you get what you pay for. Why cant there just be a universal tuition? What is the pint in having in state and out of state prices? The cost of college tuition and the price of text books most likely wont be going down anytime soon. But now you have more of a back ground as to why you pay so much and to where all your money is actually going. I started out this paper thinking that the cost of tuition was way to high and I can honestly say that I still think that even after my research.

Education System in Desperate need of Change Essay

Sir William Haley once said, â€Å"Education would be so much more effective if its purpose were to ensure that by the time they leave school every boy and girl should know how much they don’t know, and be imbued with a lifelong desire to know it†. If students were guaranteed to leave school with knowing of what they don’t know and the desire to continue learning, the method of learning will be correct. Today’s education system does not give students the opportunity to enjoy what they are learning. The banking method, where students are empty vessels which educators must deposit knowledge into, deprives them of creativity and the desire to learn. No child is given the chance to shine and be unique. Students today are simply being placed on a conveyer belt, sorted, and then labeled according to their so called intelligence. We need an education system that provides a slower learning method, a method where you focus on what is being learned instead of zipping through it, and the freedom to make mistakes as this will electrify and stimulate students to fulfill their potential. We must recognize students as individuals and keep in mind their diverse backgrounds. In â€Å"Lives on the Boundary,† Rose states, â€Å"The canon has intended to push to the margins much of the literature of our nation: from American Indian songs and chants to immigrant fiction to working-class narratives† (100). The messages that are received from the text are crucial. The students need to be able to relate to what they have before them. One of the problems with today’s education system is we are given material to read, memorize, and expected to repeat it back at the snap of a finger. But without the ability to relate and connect with the material, the learning doesn’t take place. Everything that is read or being said is just going through one ear and out the other. By adding relatable texts, you add life to learning. In â€Å"Learning in the Key of Life,† Jon Spayde states, â€Å"people cannot learn what they do not love† (69). When students are reading or learning about a subject they love, they are inspired and motivated to learn more. This alone can benefit the learning process for students. It becomes much easier to grasp concepts learned in class. Today’s education system does not allow all students to thrive in their own way. It is fast paced with limited space for creativeness. We are given large amounts of information at a time and attempt to move as quickly as possible through all that we can. There is never â€Å"time† to stay longer on a topic. The instructors try their hardest to keep the pace, but this way of teaching does not benefit any student. In â€Å"Learning in the Key of Life†, Jon Spayde states, â€Å"†¦we are focusing far too much of our energy and resources on fast knowledge, ignoring all the richness and meaning slow knowledge adds to our lives† (68). When the focus is on just getting through the material, we are skipping over the value and richness of slow knowledge. Instead of zipping through a lesson because it needs to be done by a certain day to move onto the next, the focus needs to be on what is being learned than making a time requirement. Spayde also states, â€Å"You can figure out what you can do pretty quickly, but the ethical understanding of what you ought to do comes slowly†. We need to adopt the slow learning method, without it we are missing out on more than we think. There is so much more to learning than getting through the material, the purpose of it is to benefit and gain from it. With slow knowledge we will achieve this. One of the most important changes that needs to be done is the view on mistakes. In the article, â€Å"How to Make Mistakes,† Dennett states, â€Å"Mistakes are not just golden opportunities for learning; they are, in an important sense, the only opportunity for learning something truly new†. When fear is being put into a student to never make a mistake, their education is stunted. They lose the ability to explore and take the chance of being wrong because they are repeatedly punished for being incorrect. When a mistake is made, students will learn where they went wrong and will then grow from it. The key to progress is making mistakes. The reason we are in school is to learn, but with this opportunity taken away from students their ability to learn is ripped from their grasp. Daniel C. Dennett also states, â€Å"You should seek out opportunities to make grand mistakes, just so you can then recover from them†. Instead of using all of their energy to attempt to be perfect and run from being inaccurate, every student should look for every opportunity to be wrong. Without errors, the students can not accomplish much. If you look at Todays’ education system is in desperate need of change. No student is given the opportunity to show what they are fully capable of. Instead they are told what they can do. They are simply labeled and placed where they â€Å"should be†. But when students begin to pursue their mistakes and soak in the richness of slow knowledge, they will begin to truly learn. Maria Montessori once said, â€Å"If education is always to be conceived along the same antiquated lines of a mere transmission of knowledge, there is little to be hoped from it in the bettering of man’s future. For what is the use of transmitting knowledge if the individual’s total development lags behind? †. If many students are having difficulty learning in the method we have created ages ago, why not change it? The time is now and there is no time to waste. We must refocus this outdated system to insure that the students will have a secure future and keep the standard of living that we have today.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Leadership - Essay Example s of a transformational leader are not only directed at achieving the organizational objectives, but also at bringing a good transformation both in the system and everybody related to it. By doing so, a transformational leader brings a positive change in the followers (Cherry, 2011). Thus, in the followership of a transformational leader, followers learn a lot of things from him/her. The transformational leader is like a mobile school for the followers. A servant leader, on the other hand, displays a democratic style of leadership. He takes decisions with due involvement and consent of the followers. He/she is called as a servant leader fundamentally because of the fact that he/she serves the people more than directing them. Thus, the status of a leader as a sole decision maker is the strongest in the charismatic leadership style and the weakest in the servant leadership style. A transformational leader is in between the two. He may take decisions without external involvement but not without letting everybody involved in the system know and realize why a certain step is being

The Sociological Perspective of Suicide Research Paper

The Sociological Perspective of Suicide - Research Paper Example An individual who has decided for his own self to commit suicide will find no alternative to delay his decision (Novak 1997). He finds the best possible methodology and the tools to make sure that suicide is the order of the day as far as his life is concerned. However having said all this, suicide is no escape from this world because as the sociological theory suggests, suicide is indeed the end of everything but not exactly a logical conclusion to a life that can bring about solutions if proper consideration and hard work are devoted. It is a given that suicide can always be avoided but the ones who believe in it are usually in support of this form of death. The Sociological Perspective of Suicide Under the sociological perspective, positivism suggests that social processes need to be analyzed and studied in terms of the cause and effect using a scientific model which depicts that the suicide process is indeed a study between life and death for the ones who believe in this dictum i n essence. ... s well, which include – the differential association theory, the labeling theory, the rational choice theory, the social disorganization theory, the social learning theory, the strain theory and lastly the sub-cultural theory. The Humanistic Perspective If seen from a humanistic perspective, suicide is a bane in the time and age of today as well as in the past. It does not offer any form of solace because it takes a life away from the worldly affairs and makes other feel bad about the whole suicide situation. The individuals who are near and dear to the ones who commit suicide feel that they have been hard done by. They encounter societal imbalance because people feel that these individuals are the reason why suicide took place on the part of the deceased person. It is a well-known fact the world over that suicide does not solve the problem, in fact it is the start of a problem which has long-lasting and consequential affects on the family of the deceased as th ey have to go through a tough time at the hands of the police authorities and the society at large which continuously questions the legitimacy of the suicide. The cause is found out because this is pertinent to the overall study of suicide in the first place (Bayatrizi 2010). The Negativity within the Phenomenon of Suicide The sociological perspective pays a great deal of significance on how suicide is taken as something of a very negative tenet within its folds. The suicide activity is the result of a lot of breakdown on the part of the deceased since he has got to the decision of giving up his life due to internal and external pressures which have come to his realization. There are a number of reasons why suicide is the end result.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS - Essay Example The Debenhams brand trades through 239 stores in 28 countries and is available online in 67 countries. Customers can also shop through smartphones, tablet computers and other mobile devices as well as more traditional sales channels such as catalogues and by telephone. Debenhams flexible approach means that they can tailor their product range to meet the demands of a particular local market or channel. The company’s main business consists in selling fabric items and clothing for men, women and kids’. The company, by applying prudent marketing techniques, has been able to grab the market share in UK as shown in the figure above. Delivering a compelling customer proposition is a key part of our strategy. Debenhams’ offer is unique as they combined of their own brands, international and concession brands. It is exclusive through core and designer own brands which account for almost half of everything that they sell. It is differentiated through Designers at Debenhams, a portfolio of diffusion brands from some of the UK’s top fashion designers. Debenhams also give their customers the wide choice of product categories that they expect from a department store. Debenhams has also been actively involved in the business of marketing and selling jewelry and other ornaments items which have earned the company immense revenue in the past few years. Through its unmatchable product quality, Debenhams is now regarded as one of the finest when it comes to high end fashion merchandise. The financial outlook of the company also looks quite stable. During the financial year of 2012, the company has been able to increase its revenue 1.% to a striking  £2.229 billion also the operating profit of the company grew steady with 6.9%. In addition, the financial ratio analysis of the company and the comparison of the company with its competitor also show that a

Motivation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation - Research Paper Example It is the leader’s job to ensure that they understand their fears to be unfounded. With the transition to a big corporate structure from a small organization kicks off, employees naturally respond by making the assumption that they will only be single employees in a company employing thousands of workers. Their belief in making an impact on the new organization’s goals could lead to a reduction in their earlier exemplary efforts (Pritchard & Ashwood, 2008). One of the major changes that the new acquisition brings involves reconfiguration of working spaces that will reduce privacy, which was one of the signature aspects of ZYX Company. For this reason, it will be the manager’s responsibility to ensure they realize the reason for the workspace reconfiguration and that they are set up to continue playing an essential part in the company’s future and retain their motivation. This paper will seek to create a comprehensive plan that will motivate them to coopera te and support the changes. Planning the Project In planning the project, there are various important levers that a manager can use, including coming up with communication, sponsorship, coaching, training, and resistance management plans. Managing the motivation of employees requires a holistic set of components that support the employees as the manner in which they work changes, for example, with the reconfiguration of working spaces (Green & Butkus, 2009). The communication component should recognize how communication will fit in the larger process of change. Used in this context, communication becomes more effective as it gives the employees information in the proper sequence to aid the employees in internalization of the change, while also improving their motivation. With regards to the sponsorship component, the manager should be the sponsor and plays the role of participant, coalition builder, and direct communication. A sponsorship roadmap will include what the sponsor will d o in conjunction with the senior managers, the project teams, and with front line employees, while also breaking down the project into initiation phase, design phase, implementation phase, and closeout phase (Green & Butkus, 2009). Sponsorship of the change is critical to the employees’ motivation to participate, while it also reinforces their belief that the change is there to stay. The planning will also require a coaching component that involves the direct supervisor and employees. The manager will have to play a critical role in communicating the change and ensuring the employees retain their intensity. The coaching plan will outline the steps required to improve skills in relation to change with both individual and group sessions in engaging front-line employees (Green & Butkus, 2009). However, proxies must not be used in coaching as it gives the feeling that the change might not last. Employees will always want to hear about the change from their manager. The managerâ⠂¬â„¢s change desire will have a direct influence on the desire from the employees. The training component will seek to improve capabilities and skills and should be focused on knowledge building. However, training should come with the implementation of sufficient desire and awareness for it to be effective (Green & Butkus,

Marketing Analysis on Vivienne Westwood Assignment

Marketing Analysis on Vivienne Westwood - Assignment Example Ansoff matrix serves as a tool to identify external and internal factors and this supports strategy formulation for future. The current strategy that has been adopted by Vivienne Westwood would be compared with proposed strategic options. A SFA framework is used to judge suitability, acceptability and feasibility of suggested strategies. Lastly it would highlight some recommendations for future growth and success of the brand. Vivienne Westwood was founded in the year 1971. The brand started its journey with a punk style fashion. Westwood launch products are considered to be premium in the market place. Customer profile for this brand is high end customers who are more aligned towards fashionable items. Vivienne Westwood is the owner of company and even is the firm’s head designer. Brand’s image is based on her personality and ideas (Temporal, 2011).The product category ranges from shoes, clothing, bags, to accessories and perfumes. This can be further categorized under four distinct labels such as Gold Label, Man, Red Label and Anglo Mania (Kapferer, 2009). Gold Label targets those women who desire to be in upper mainline in terms of fashion. Man represents a classic design and is marketed for men who want to be fashionable. Red Label highlights segment of ready to wear which is majorly for women demanding to appear elegant but has less time. Anglo Mania classifies diffusion segment that ta rgets women and men belonging to younger generation (Batey, 2012). The brand has overall six wholly owned stores and wide array of franchisees in New York, Manchester, Liverpool, Cardiff, Glasgow and Newcastle along with showrooms in Honolulu, Paris, Milan and Los Angeles. The major strength of Vivienne Westwood is its brand recognition and iconic status. It is a global fashion brand known for its product’s reliability and quality. Vivienne Westwood enhances its strength through online stores

Group project discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Group project discussion - Essay Example f the applications can be applied to gain a competitive advantage in the market and to reap higher profits through either cost cutting or making higher revenues. Below, each of these applications is discussed along with its benefits and challenges of implementation. Customers are the main focus of SWU who they must treat with care, respect and value so that they keep returning to buy home decorations. The aim of a CRM system is to deliver the company’s services in such a way that it builds goodwill and customer loyalty. It is an interactive process that turns customer information into positive customer relationships. By offering â€Å"the right product (or service), to the right customer, at the right place, at the right time through the right channel, to satisfy the customer’s need or desire† customer loyalty, customer retention and customer profitability can be built (Swift, 2001). Today the emphasis of marketing has shifted towards 1 to 1 marketing and thus CRM now caters to needs of the customers by giving them customized products and services. Deploying CRM software from well known vendors including Siebel, SAP and Oracle, even large organizations are reaping enormous profits. CRM has grown into a business need and SWU can gain more market share by implementing it to cater to its small customer base. (Turban et al., 2005) While CRM systems cater to the customer side, SCM is involved at maintaining healthy relationships with the company’s suppliers and improving its supply side processes. Being a manufacturer of home decoration goods, SWU needs supplies and inventories of raw materials at the manufacturing times. Inventory management, costing, production and maintaining friendly relationships with the suppliers all comes under the domain of SCM. However in a competitive world, only this is not enough. The company needs to collaborate and share its information with the suppliers making them business partners to achieve the necessary integration required

Categories of heroes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Categories of heroes - Essay Example These heroes have made a mark in the world with their exceptional skills in different business enterprises. Most of these heroes have written many books on success in business and many people take them as role models especially in business (Kariv 38-45). The scientific field has produced many talented scientists who have made inventions that have contributed to the advancement of the modern society. Such scientists attract many young and upcoming scientists who wish to make similar or better achievements. One of the best role models in the scientific world is Albert Einstein. He is believed to be the brightest scientist who ever lived. Interestingly, Einstein saw other scientists such as Isaac Newton as role model. It is important to note that different scientists from different scientific fields appeal to different people. Certainly, entertainers have the greatest influence and therefore great role models especially to the young people. It is not surprising that entertainers influence our dress code, lifestyle, language among others. Entertainment heroes such as Michael Jackson, Bob Marley, Mariah Carey, among others have been great role models to many people including other artists who strive to achieve their marks of success. The entertainment world is diverse and therefore, entertainment role models vary from one field to another. For example, some people have role models from movies, reality shows, music, acting, acrobats among others. People who value religion see religious leaders as the best role models. This is a very important category of role models since they are responsible for modeling the society to be a good place to live in. Reinhardt Bonnke, Lisa Bevere, Rick Warren, and Franklin Graham are some of the most influential religious leaders in U.S. these heroic leaders are responsible for the spiritual nourishment of the society. They play a very big role in shaping and modeling the younger generation religious leaders. However, historical

The New England Aquarium Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The New England Aquarium - Case Study Example The Aquarium has a multi-year diverse plan, which explains where we are at the moment, as well as acknowledges the successes we can use. It also recommends what we should do in order to make the institution become more inclusive and diverse in intended areas and better-equipped to serve and reach the diverse community. In this memorandum, I will provide a political and symbolic frame analysis of the case study, Diversity Programs at the New England Aquarium from the point of views of the COO, Cynthia Mackey. Additionally, I will also analyze the whole organization in frames, as well as three political recommendations and three symbolic recommendations that Cynthia can implement, discussing possible ramifications of the actions. The aquarium has tried formulating policies with the aim of making it an institution that attracts the broadest audience as possible. These efforts began in one side of the aquarium, the education department to try bring different people into its folds. These kinds of initiatives were funded by the government, in which it focused on bringing together adolescents to participate in the available youth programs, in addition to being paid. The youth programs were successful but were disruptive within the institution because of the longstanding assumptions and practices that clashed with expectations and needs of other people. With such feelings running high, Cynthia Mackey who is the department senior understood the crisis and therefore, sought to find ways to resolve the tensions. The New England Aquarium should engage the broadest constituency in its efforts to protect the aquarium or rather the blue planet. A work force which is diverse should provide skill; perspectives and experiences which will enrich the available programs in the institution, add creativity, enhance the working environment and strengthen their problem solving skills. If a diverse workforce is implemented, the community will stop regarding the institution as a preserve for wealthy families because every culture will be implemented. Additionally, when a diverse community comes together, they bring in new ideas, skills and experiences, and therefore, the institution will benefit from the diverse ideas from each community. Additionally, if a broadest constituency is engaged in the preservation of the blue planet, the institution will be well represented as well as benefit from a broad perspective of each community represented. When different people, with different ideas work together, they are able to make good decisions based on each represented culture within the institution. Therefore, representatives of each communi ty will represent each culture and as a result, the aquarium will be attracting everyone as its mission statement states. Additionally, as it name suggests, Diversity Programs at the New England Aquarium is an international community aquarium and therefore, coming up with a diverse workforce, will help the institution to work together towards the pursuit of a common vision and ideal. International community comes in all sizes and shapes, and therefore, they will represent an amazing diverse people in their values, in terms of economic, social, political, ecological as well as spiritual. The Aquarium opened its doors in 1969, and constructed the very first successful modern day aquarium. Its designs are innovative and the giant ocean tank

The Self Paper Essay Example for Free

The Self Paper Essay Society wonders why people are the way they are. Sometimes our surroundings and situations in life make us who we are. The following defines the self, self-concept, emotion, self-esteem, behavior, and self-presentation. According to Dictionary.com, self is, â€Å"a combining form of self and variously used with the meanings â€Å"of the self† ( self-analysis ) and â€Å"by oneself or itself† ( self-appointed ); and with the meanings â€Å"to, with, toward, for, on, in oneself† ( self-complacent ), â€Å"inherent in oneself or itself† ( self-explanatory ), â€Å"independent† ( self-government ), and â€Å"automatic† ( self-operating ). Self-concept is best defined as how you know and understand yourself (Valencia, 2010). Self-image and self-esteem are to important concepts in self-concept. Self-image is how an individual views themselves as well as how they believe others around views them. It is important to have a good self-image based on the good qualities that a person has. Some people do not give people an opportunity to obtain knowledge of the good qualities of a person and judge beforehand, this can hurt a person greatly. Some individuals have a great deal of self-image despite of what people around them think of them. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself (emotionally) (Valencia, 2010). Self-esteem has its pros and cons. Self-esteem can be a good when an employer is seeking to find a person for a management position. Self-esteem at times makes the individual stand out from the crowd. If the individual is confident about his or herself then the employer will see that as well. When a person has low self-esteem, a person runs the risk of hurting him or herself as well as others. Some people can also get into a serious depression stage that can only be cure only with medication and therapy. Self-concept develops through interactions with others (Valencia, 2010). A person can interact with others in different ways. People interact with one another at work, school, church, community organizations, and even in family gatherings. An individual’s thoughts, beliefs, and actions are affected by how you think about you, your self-esteem, and confidence, and it determines your relationship with others (Valencia, 2010). The environment is an important role in how a person develops self-concept. The environment that a person is in reflects on how he or she are or will be in the near future. The relationship between the self and emotion is like looking at a pair of shoes with shoe laces, one concept cannot work without the other one. One of the major theories in the social psychology of the self and emotion, self-discrepancy theory, concerns the impact of self-knowledge on how people feel and behave (Fiske, 2010). People tend to behave a certain way when they feel upset, angry, happy, sad, etc. If a person is upset then a person will usually keep quiet and have a serious face. When a person is happy they tend to have a smile on his or her face and speak about the reason he or she is happy. The theory addresses how people use self-knowledge to fit social standards and adapt to group life (Fiske, 2010). There is several self-guide (standards) to regulate behaviors; the different self-guide lines include the actual self, ought self, and the ideal self (Fiske, 2010). The actual self is a person’s own image of how he or she sees him or her at that present moment. The ought self, is usually what other people think we should be. Individuals pay more attention to those closer to them such as parents, and family. The ought self, people tell them what they be or become. The ideal self represents who a person wants to be or who somebody else want the person to be (Fiske, 2010). The ideal self comes from within a person. Like when a child is in grade school, the teacher asks the child what he or she would like to be when he or she grows up. Usually children will answer: a firefighter, police office, a nurse, a doctor, or a teacher. When a person does not become what they desired to be, he or she feels sadness, and not guilt. Can the self and emotion affect an individual’s self-esteem? The self and emotion can affect an individual self-esteem in many ways. If a person is comfortable with the actual self in the present time then a person is more likely to have a stable self-esteem. If a person focused on the ought self, then a person’s self-esteem is not stable and is seeking to please others. Usually when people do not accomplish the â€Å"should,† they feel guilty. This makes them have problems with self-esteem, they believe that they cannot accomplish anything nor can they please anyone. The ideal self usually does not affect self-esteem. The individual may get sad for not becoming what he or she wanted to be in life (career), yet this does not stop them from believing in themselves and setting other goals in the future. Self-concept defines one’s view of what is accurate, plausible, and ethical, which fits people’s motives of self-understanding and self-enhancement. Behavior is defined as the aggregate of responses to internal and external stimuli (Dictionary.com). The behaving self focuses on how a person presents him or herself to others and why (Fiske, 2010). Peoples behavior depends on how much a person is eager to belong to an organization, community, or different groups. The self-descriptions represent self-presentation, the desired view of self as expressed in social behavior (Fiske, 2010). How does this relationship (self and behavior) affect an individual’s self-presentation? Self-presentation adapts to context (goals, audience, situation and society) (Fiske, 2010). People set personal goals that they are seeking to improve or reach. A persons behavior can be the tool that can help an individual or cause the person to keep from his or her personal goal. If a person is set to make the directors list at school and has a behavior of not wanting to do his or her work, well the likely hood of making the directors list is low, but if he or she works hard and turn in assignments then they are likely to make the directors list. Students have expectations, based on the audience, namely the professor, and what they think she wants (Fiske, 2010). According to Fiske, people select aspect of themselves likely to please the audience. For example, a person is more likely to answer a question using a higher level of vocabulary to please a professor. Immediate solution is one way that people change behaviors to fit in that particular environment at that specific moment. Society matters and affects the behavior of anyone. A person is more likely to interact with people in his or her society level. This cause’s a person’s self-presentation to be not as good as if interacting with those of the same society beliefs. Just like everything a person has the power to use life situations to make them a better person or to destroy them. Self-esteem can take a person far or can destroy them completely. The environment around people makes individuals who they are without a doubt. It is how a person uses that which makes the successful in life or someone who makes up a number in statistics. Reference http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/behavior http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/self http://www.selfesteemawareness.com/self-concept.htm

Relationship Between Music and Architecture

Relationship Between Music and Architecture CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Research Overview There have been some efforts that were made by a number of researcher vis-ÃÆ'  -vis looking at the parallels of architecture and music in terms of rhythm, harmony and the inherent ability to provoke emotional responses of each discipline; however, those researches have not covered all genres of music. One of the types of music that have not attracted a lot of architectural critics, cabaret music, has captured my interest. Given the limited research in the area, this study intends to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between cabaret music and architecture. Statement of the problem Towards the end of the 19th century, Romanticism reached its limits of expression. Consequently, diverse and experimental music forms began to emerge, which broke away from the mainstream of Romanticism. These included the impressionism of Debussy and Ravel, and the surrealism of Erik Satie. The emphasis on irregular rhythms within Stravinskis The Riot of Spring caused its first audience to riot in 1913. These followed the experimentation in scales and rhythms of BartÃÆ' ³k. In the performing arts, cabaret songs were intentionally naturalistic in language, theme while certain of its devices, such as the shadow play, were both decadent and symbolist in their use of light, colour and evocative suggestion. Simultaneously, in this period, architects like Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier experimented with new approaches in composing architecture. Purpose and importance of the research This study is valuable in that it might contribute and add to the existing body of knowledge that has drawn out the parallels between architecture and music. Structure of the report The remaining of the report is organised into four chapters that will start from the known intersections between music and architecture to more specifically, the parallels between cabaret music and architecture. The report will then move to discuss the relationship between architecture and other related music disciplines like dance and Non-western musical. CHAPTER 2: INTERSECTIONS OF MUSIC AND ARCHITECTURE The Chapter focuses on analysing selected architectural work that has used music as design inspirations as a way of introducing the topic. Alberti, Palladio and the application of music in architectural design Historically music was thought of as a mathematical science. The idea of harmonies sprung from the process of division. A string that produced a certain tone could be divided along exact proportions to create a note that would resonate in harmony with the first note, creating an overlapping of tones that could be considered beautiful both aesthetically and mathematically. These ideas were developed by the ancient Greeks, but brought into importance during the Renaissance. It was during this time that architecture was thought of as an art that needed a mathematical and therefore scientific basis to be considered objectively. Palladio often looked to musical proportions as a means to achieve ideal proportions in his designs. Basic harmonies such as octaves and fifths were applied to room sizing in all three dimensions, and were also often overlooked to as ornamental guides. The Palladian practice of applying basic harmonic ideas to basic room proportions is a starting point with what can be achieved by translating tonal ideas into the practice of architecture. Renaissance thinkers placed importance on the translation of audible proportions to the visual arts partly because they viewed musical composition as a mathematical science whereas architecture was thought of as a liberal art. In an attempt to give architecture a system of design method, it had to be referenced to a mathematical framework. Leonardo Da Vinci once said that music and painting are sisters, and both are used to convey harmonies. According to him, music achieved this through the use of chords and painting through the use of proportions. Palladio noted within his illustration ideal proportions for room dimensions and other architectural devices. The numbers within the ratios are carefully chosen and are the result of his attempt to fulfill Vitruvian principles. The principle in question has to do with achieving an ideal design. The artists of the Renaissance believed that it was possible to obtain an absolute beauty by following the proportional principles found in nature. In the practice of architecture, this was achieved by allowing specific geometries to define certain forms. These forms then would act as modules that would define and govern the development of the entire structure. Palladio even stated that it was possible to achieve a harmonic building through the use of proportional principles and that it would be possible to explain and evaluate the success of the building using the terms of musical theory. Leone Battista Alberti had taken the music scale and noted that musical theory is important to the practice of architecture because the numbers that are responsible for pleasing harmonies also evoke delight from mans eyes and mind. Palladio took this idea and used this harmonic scale as a proportioning system in his buildings. He focused on the relationship found between four strings with lengths in a ratio of 6:8:9:12. When these strings were placed under equal amounts of tension and then vibrated they produced wavelengths of consonant tones, most importantly an octave, fourth and fifth. These proportions are noted in his plans published in the Quattro Libri. Le Corbusier and the Phillipss Pavilion The growth of subjective judgment slowly did away with the Renaissance search for an absolute beauty, but this did not stop the intersection of musical and architectural ideas. It did change them, leading to new investigations and ideas. Of particular importance is the work of Le Corbusier on the Phillipss Pavilion. He investigated both the translation of musical proportions to built form, but also the use of acoustics and sound to generate and convey a sense of space. In 1958, Phillips Company, a producer of electronic speakers, hired Le Corbusier to design and build a pavilion for the Brussels World Fair. The Phillips Companys goal was to show off the capabilities of their latest speakers and filled the pavilion with three hundreds of them. Le Corbusier proposed to give the Phillips Company an electronic poem with which to showcase their work. He worked with a team of Phillips engineers and two modern composers: Iannis Xenakis and Edgard Varase. Xenakiss role in the Phillips Pavilion was focused on the exterior shell of the building. His task focused on translating the sketches and abstract ideas of Le Corbusier (mainly dealing with geometry and proportions) into a buildable, architectural form. The end result, a curved, hyperbolic not only fulfills the mathematical ideals of Le Corbusier, but also evokes the glissandi of Xenakiss 1953-1954 composition Metastasis. Steven Holl and the Stretto House Steven Holl took the investigation of a more complex musical idea that of stretto, as a departure point for a house built in Texas. This project focused on using both the compositional and experiential qualities of a particular piece of music as a means to solve the architectural problems presented by the site and the client. The Stretto House, a project by Steven Holl located in Dallas, Texas exemplifies a modern approach to marrying the ideas of architecture and music. While there is more to the project than just this aspect the ideas of music played an important part in the development and implementation of the design. The name of the house comes from the musical term stretto. Stretto is most commonly used in the fugue and in this context it refers to the theme of the piece being repeated and overlapped by different voices. The decision to explore this musical idea as a mode of design occurs during the initial sketching phase. This phase explored some of the vernacular materials of Texan architecture, specifically metal roofs and concrete blocks. This combined with the need to create shade and producing this via overlapping led to the exploration of the overlapping that occurs in stretto. Holl narrowed the study of stretto to one particular piece of music, Bela Bartoks Music for strings, percussions and Celeste. The feature of this work is the distinct separation between heavy and light by carefully dividing the percussion and string sections. Holl literally took the basic composition of the music and composed his building in the same way. Bartoks work is divided into four movements and its most compelling feature is the aforementioned division of instruments into two models. Holl designed his structure to have four distinct spatial sections and focused the work on two distinct elements: masonry, which mimicked the heavy role of the percussion and curved metal, which played the light nature of the spring section. The result is an overlapping and intersection of several elements. The curved metal roofs overlap with the heavy masonry structure, referred to as spatial dams. The different planes of the building, roof, floor and wall, pull space from each other to continue the overlapping effect. The materials of the building follow suit, as do the actual design drawings. The orthogonal plan of the main house drawing stands in contrast to the curvilinear section while the drawings of the guest house reverse this pattern, mimicking the inversion found in Bartoks composition. This project was designed around a cohesive idea that can organize and guide the experiential qualities of the space. Holl notes that the concept that drives a design like the Stretto House disappears completely in the phenomena of the physical reality and yet intuitively the abundance of the idea may be felt. By combining the ideas of music and architecture Holl was able to create an analogue between the two practices. By treating music as something that has a materiality, one gained from its instrumentation, he was able to synthesize it with architecture through his use of light and space. The equation that Holl himself writes to explain this is material multiplied by sound and divided by time equals material multiplied by light and divided by space. The key to success of this lies in the distinction that both architecture and music have a material aspect, and this common factor allows parallels to be drawn. To summarize, the practice of architecture and the practice of music have intersected and impacted each other in a variety of ways throughout their histories. These instances can be divided into two distinct categories. The first category involves architecture taking proportional and compositional principles directly from musical theory. Palladios villas ?t into this category as many of the proportions that guided the design were taken from their eras understanding of music and the nature of sound. The second category involves architecture learning from the experiential qualities of music and trying to replicate them in built form. CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW Writer Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe is famous for describing architecture as frozen music in the 19th century. Music and architecture also share similar experiential aspirations. Architectural historian Sir John Summerson notes in his essay The vision of J.M.Gandy that architecture is an art that is constantly attempting to realize in solid, stable form those effects which music is able to conjure up in an instant. He goes on to point out that music and architecture even use a similar vocabulary, specifically the use of mass, rhythm, texture and outline to achieve similar effects such as the colossal. It was Pythagoras who discovered that a vibrating string, stopped at its centre, produced the octave; at two thirds of its length the fifth, and at three quarters, the fourth. From this he developed the series of ratios that result in the twelve tone scale used in western music today. The ratio between the full length of the string and the length stopped, or the ratios between the lengths making different notes have their direct equivalents in the ratios between the sides of the rectangles that have made up much of western architecture in the intervening centuries. Numerous aspects of this relationship between the underlying ratios of music and architecture have been developed and discussed and in this chapter we shall consider the aspects of rhythm, improvisation and emotional response in the light of some of these discussions, and the architecture of Palladio, Le Corbusier, Schindler and Holl. Rhythm Many architects have developed theories of proportion with which to govern and explain their work. These have generated in their turn a significant body of critical analysis and comment. Palladio, like Alberti a century earlier, expounded theories which took up and developed those first proposed by Vitruvius in the 7th Century BC. These were particularly attractive to the spirit of the Renaissance. To the minds of the men of the Renaissance musical consonances were the audible tests of a universal harmony which had a binding force for all the arts. In the 1930s R M Schindler, developed the ideas of module used by Frank Lloyd Wright in his Usonian houses. Here not only the architectural plans, but also the concrete floor slabs were inscribed with grids derived from the sizes of the materials to be used. Schindler took this pragmatic idea and incorporated it into a system of proportion which he described as Reference Frames in Space. The appreciation of this relationship between the mathematics of the ratios and proportions that underlie both music and architecture is of course a purely intellectual exercise. The analogy with music simply amounts to the transference of an established convention in one art to the purposes of another It does not help explain or evaluate the emotional responses that these media can evoke, which is a factor of how the underlying principles are used and manipulated to create the final work. Stretto, the musical term for the overlapping of subjects, and the only strict rule in the formation of fugues, provided Steven Holl with the basis to explore the relationship beyond this intellectual analogy in his Stretto House. The house is directly inspired by Music for Percussion, Strings and Celesta by BÃÆ' ©la BartÃÆ' ³k, in which stretto is used extensively. It is a choice which is particularly apposite as the chief feature of his [BartÃÆ' ³ks] chromatic technique is obedience to the Golden Section in every element. Improvisation In music improvisation is the impromptu or in the moment creation and performance of music as well as spontaneous response to other musicians. It is distinct from untutored or casual composition, in that it requires discipline and a rigorous understanding of the forms and rules in order to be sufficiently coherent to evoke an emotional response. improvisation is a performative (sic) act and depends on instrumental technique, improvisation is a skill. Because the creation of a work of architecture requires rigorous planning and control of all its elements, improvisation is not usually associated with it. The usual view is that architecture cannot be impromptu, it must be planned, detailed and explained thoroughly if all those involved in its production are to collaborate effectively. In his BBC Proms lecture in 2002 Daniel Libeskind confirmed that it is difficult to have improvisation in architecture â€Å" to have rotating players, to have players interpret. He suggested, however, that if the spatiality and materiality is open, then the public can form its own operation on the building. This being, perhaps, the closest that architecture can come to improvisation. Certainly the villas of Palladio, with the proportions of their components controlled by a strict series of ratios, and their spaces assembled according to harmonic sequences, must be considered as careful exercises in composition rather than improvisations. Le Corbusiers villas too are compositions which follow a set of rules governing their proportions; Le Modulor. Within these cool, intellectual compositions, however, there are elements which are freer in form and which play off against, and highlight, the orthogonal correctness of the remainder. Coming finally to Schindler, Sarnitz observes that as his work evolved the great importance attached to proportion in his early work gradually receded; he never repeats the complexity of the Lovell Beach House. This move away from strict adherence to the system of proportion that he himself developed, to more lyrical or spiritual values, is directly analogous to that of a musician who has learnt the disciplines of his instrument and the rules of music to the highest level but feels able to express himself more fully and coherently through improvisation. Schindler, having developed and established his competence in his early work, chose to follow this route after recognising the limitations that a purely intellectual approach can bring to a potentially lyrical art. Most of the buildings which Corbusier and his followers offer us as machines to live in are crude contraptions to serve a purpose. Mere instruments of production can never serve as a frame for life. Emotional response The emotional impact of both music and architecture is generated not by the intellectual understanding and appreciation of the ratios and proportions that govern the relationships of their parts and overall composition. It is a response produced by the composer or architect or improviser by manipulating the material multiplied by sound divided by time and the material multiplied by light and divided by space which Holl proposes as the equivalent formulae for the creation of music and architecture respectively. The power of the piece to move the listener or viewer is in direct ratio to the skill of the creator. Both music and architecture are immediate rather than mediate forms of communication. That is they do not require the intermediation of language. They affect the listener and viewer respectively, of all backgrounds and languages, directly with no need for translation or interpretation. They also both have a physical element to their means of communication. Music can recall the serenity and grandeur of a seascape; so also, says Viollet, [le Duc] can architecture when it has occasion to give us long, unbroken, horizontal lines. Then he compares the emotional effect of a low broad crypt with that of a soaring knave; he notes the physical reactions of a man in these two settings, And both directly affect the emotions and understanding. The very same numbers that cause sounds to have that concinnitas [a certain harmony] pleasing to the ears, can also fill the eyes and mind with wondrous delight. The cool but powerful emotional response generated by the composed serenity and authority of Palladios villas is not simply the result of the principles of proportion that govern the elements of the elevations, but also the extension of these principles to the way that the spaces and volumes are arranged. the systematic linking of one room to the other by harmonic proportions was the fundamental novelty of Palladios architecture, At the other end of the architectural scale, Holls fugue in the Stretto House generates a similar response in the viewer to that, which stretto in music evokes in the listener, namely excitement, acceleration, fuller realization, a certain indescribable ecstasy with the sensation of heightened simultaneity. Another aspect of emotional impact, which may be more mundane but is nevertheless worthy of consideration, is the cumulative effect of the music and architecture that surrounds us as distinct from the impact of a particular work. Emily Thompson posits the importance that advances in sound engineering made to the aural perception of life in the early years of the century, giving rise to the phenomenon that is sometimes referred to as the soundtrack of our life. The idea of a parallel stage set of our lives has been hinted at by author Will Self, if Brutalism is heavy metal, then what was Modernism, Schoenbergs dodecaphony? Clearly the Little Englander Palladian nostalgia of the Prince of Wales, the Quinlan Terry partnership, and even Barratt Homes, is of a piece with light classical music: Viennese waltzes, frozen in red brick, Chapter 4: Improvisation after the Renaissance and after Modernism In the earlier chapter I have established that improvisation in architecture can be considered as the departure of a skilled practitioner from the rules he has mastered in order to express himself more fully or to give coherent expression to new or developing ideas. Albertis De Re Aedificatoria (written about 1450) may be seen as the theoretical foundation for the re-establishment of classical order and proportion in the Renaissance. A century or so later Palladios Quattro Libri (published in 1570), re stated these classical rules, and his buildings followed them strictly. At the same time, however, other architects were interpreting these established rules with varying degrees of freedom. In his two villas on the Capitoline Hill in Rome Michaelangelo took the conventional Corinthian order, enlarged it and ran it through two stories; something that the Romans had never done. Vignola, in his Castello Farnese at Caprarola, designed an entablature that, [I]s a departure from the strict grammar of the antique â€Å" a departure in the direction of inventive modelling, of designing a faÃÆ' §ade as a pattern in light and shade, a pattern through which runs a play of meaning rather than any precise series of statements. Giulio Romano was even freer in his interpretation of the rules of antiquity. His Palazzo del Te, with its affected dilapidation and dropped stones in the entablature and his Cortile della Cavallerizza with its extravagant rustication and twisted Doric finds its equivalent in the developing mannerism of the music of the time. In the late 16th century, as the Renaissance era closes, an extremely manneristic style develops. In secular music, especially in the madrigal, there was a trend towards complexity and even extreme chromaticism (as exemplified in madrigals of Luzzaschi, Marenzio, and Gesualdo). Chromaticism in particular is an essential characteristic of the mannerist style at this time. It demonstrates a departure from the rules regulating the fundamental ratios underlying musical theory which is directly equivalent to that executed by Romano upon the rules of classical architecture as restated by Alberti and Palladio. The Pythagorean tone, with a ratio of 9:8, consists of a minor and a major semi-tone; But only the minor semitone can be used in actual music. For this reason, progressions between Bb â€Å" B natural or F â€Å" F#, or any other equivalent intervals, are forbidden. When the chromatic madrigal begins to abound in such progressions, it raises a flurry of controversy. The relationship between mannerism in architecture and in music may be illustrated by comparing the use of chromaticism by Guesaldo with Romanos use of rustication in the Palazzo del TÃÆ' ¨. On the one hand, Guesaldos madrigals are, full of unresolved dissonances, illogical modulations, and chromatic progressions. These are used to powerful effect to create, disruptive and restless changes of mood, so that the end result is rather like eavesdropping on some unresolvable, private agony. On the other, Romanos use of rustication gives the impression that, Everything is a bit uneasy, a bit wrong. It also [R]ecalls ruins [and] ancient buildings left half-finished. But it has great power and this is very largely because of the dramatic use of rustication. Just as Schindler developed a more improvisational style in his later works as he became disillusioned or cynical about the ethos of the Machine Age,[38] so Le Corbusier may also be considered to have undergone a major shift following the Second World War. This is exemplified by the chapel at Ronchamp, the monastery at La Tourette and the Courts of Justice at Chandigarh, all of which may be considered to be improvisational, with regard to the strict principles of Le Modulor. Charles Jencks observes that this perceived change in direction was seen to condone a new turn for modern architecture. He lists a range of diverse range of architectural movements that drew inspiration from Le Corbusiers later works. CHAPTER 5: CABARET MUSIC and MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE Architecture and cabaret music are closely affiliated, not least because both focus on creating unique atmospheres for a variety of purposes. During the early to mid twentieth century American architecture and cabaret were born out of and represented similar cultural concerns. This chapter considers some of the ways in which architecture and cabaret interact and how cabaret uses principles of architecture, such as the utilisation of space, the division of stage space, the distinction between public and private space, and the use of synthesis in design. Examples of Modern architectural designs, including those of Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier, built during the thirties and forties will be considered with the aim of identifying shared cultural affiliation between cabaret music and architecture during the mid twentieth century. Cabaret â€Å" the trend of combining music, dance, comedy, and theatre in a public place â€Å" was first established in France in 1881. Throughout both world wars and the Great Depression in America, Cabaret afforded a means of relaxation and the opportunity to celebrate, through shared performance, a variety of cultures, talents and tastes. Monmartre, in France, is recognised as the place where buildings were first constructed specifically for cabaret performance. The Moulin Rouge was built in Pigalle in 1889. At the time, the traditional Monmartre windmills were being pulled down at an alarming rate, which accounts for the construction of the large red windmill on the roof of the Moulin Rouge. The turn-of-the-century interior of Moulin rouge expresses the late Victorian Romantic sensibility, just before the introduction of the Modernist Art Nouveau movement. Elegantly and richly decorated, the cabaret setting was described in 1952 as possessing an atmosphere of tawdry luxury [. .] much like that of a bordello. At the time this would have befitted the styles of music which it was built to stage. Artists such as Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec recorded in paint various scenes from this early era of cabaret, such as music-hall singers, women dancers, and women preparing themselves to take to the stage. The flamboyance of early cabaret and the suggestiveness of dances, such as the can-can, paved the way for a relationship between the architectural setting and the music. In the late Victorian era, when more sensual forms of entertainment tended only to be considered as an underground activity, cabaret legitimised more diverse forms of theatre, music and dance, allowing men and women to mingle freely in a public space specifically designed for that purpose. At the time of the popularisation of Cabaret, the pursuit of pleasure had become a popular activity. During the twentieth century new dance halls were erected throughout Europe and in America in order to accommodate the rising popularity of the sociable and edgy form of cabaret entertainment. Cabaret music traditionally involves singing and orchestra, and American cabaret stars included artists such as Eartha Kitt, Nina Simone, and Bette Midler. However, as an art form cabaret declined in popularity during the sixties due to the rising popularity of alternative forms of music, such as rock. Due to the glamour of its beginnings the architectural setting of cabaret traditionally retained elements of luxury, wealth, and flamboyance. On the relationship between Romanticism â€Å" which the late-Victorian introduction of cabaret was celebrating â€Å" and the poetic sensibility, Geoffrey Scott observes that Romanticism may be said to consist in a high development of poetic sensibility t owards the remote, in that it idealises the distant, both of time and place and identifies beauty with strangeness. The elaborate dÃÆ' ©cor of cabaret stages, often including plush red or plum coloured velvet, idealise the sensual and were designed to encourage maximum comfort, pleasure and enjoyment of the entertainment. The designs of traditional cabaret stages were such that the audience area was only minimally lit, with the main focus being on the stage. In Modernist architecture there is suggestion that the culture of cabaret at least crossed over into and was in part incorporated into design. With the introduction of jazz and Broadway style music, cabaret became recognised as being seedier than during the years of its Victorian beginnings. We can explore the parallels between the responses of the two arts to the exigencies of the time by looking at three of the distinguishing qualities of cabaret music and architecture. The popular appeal of cabaret Cabaret deals with emotional or sentimental themes that easily evoke strong responses, rather than intellectual concepts that require esoteric knowledge to be fully appreciated. Frank Lloyd Wrights Usonian homes, built during the 1930s and 1940s, embody the cultural concerns and ideals of the Modern era, and reflect the complexities associated with the Great Depression of the thirties. During this time, many American families looked to cabaret and its music as the solution, albeit temporary, to the stresses of the quotidian drudge associated with the same economic, social and political forces. Usonian houses were intended to deal with the day to day living requirements of the average American family. A large living room for family life, with a big fireplace in It, a triplicate bathroom with sections for the man, the wife and the children and enough space for dressing rooms, closets and perhaps a couch in each, and airy bedrooms, all with easy access to a garden. A significant aspect of popular appeal is the recognition afforded to the performer; the phenomenon of stars. In this regard Wright, at this time, was actively marketing himself as the possessor of a unique, truly American architectural vision, and promoting his reputation as one of the great architects of the century. Variations in cabaret Cabaret offers variety. The subjects of its songs and dances range from tragedy to comedy and its forms from ballad to blues to jazz. It was popular for certain shows to be given to a select audience â€Å" part of the growing consumer culture in which greater emphasis was to be placed on the needs of the patron. In a similar way that cabaret performances were customised, Wright designed buildings with specific elements for patrons. Scholars have already drawn parallels between the designs of Lloyd Wright and music. For example, as expressed by Brooks Pfeiffer and Nordland, Wrights unit system was as an intrinsic part of the organic process of design and construction: just as the warp is discipline for a woven textile, and as the scale and notes are disciplines for the composer of music, so Wright used the unit system as a discipline for design. The modular unit system, based on rectangular and square units, unified and simplified the construction process, and involved the repetition of components such as doors and windows, with an emphasis on geometric pattern and symmetry. Wrights designs were remarkable for their unification of different component parts and ideas, whi

Hip-Hop as a Cultural Movement Essay -- Hip-Hop Culture

Hip-Hop is a cultural movement that emerged from the dilapidated South Bronx, New York in the early 1970’s. The area’s mostly African American and Puerto Rican residents originated this uniquely American musical genre and culture that over the past four decades has developed into a global sensation impacting the formation of youth culture around the world. The South Bronx was a whirlpool of political, social, and economic upheaval in the years leading up to the inception of Hip-Hop. The early part of the 1970’s found many African American and Hispanic communities desperately seeking relief from the poverty, drug, and crime epidemics engulfing the gang dominated neighborhoods. Hip-Hop proved to be successful as both a creative outlet for expressing the struggles of life amidst the prevailing crime and violence as well as an enjoyable and cheap form of recreation. The longevity of Hip-Hop as a cultural movement can most directly be attributed to its humble roots. For multiple generations of young people, Hip-Hop has directly reflected the political, economic, and social realities of their lives. Widely regarded as the â€Å"father† of the Hip-Hop, Afrika Bambaataa named the cultural movement and defined its four fundamental elements, which consisted of disc jockeying, break dancing, graffiti art, and rapping. Dating back to its establishment Hip-Hop has always been a cultural movement. Defined by far more then just a style of music, Hip-Hop influences fashion, vernacular, philosophy, and the aesthetic sensibility of a large portion of the youth population (Homolka 2010). Despite having absolutely nothing to do with the four elements of Hip-Hop as defined by Afrika Bambaataa, the most influential person in the creati... ...olka, Petr Bc., and Jeffrey Alan Vanderziel. â€Å"Black or White: Commercial Rap Music and Authenticity.† Masaryk University Faculty of Arts, Department of English and American Studies. (2010): 7-21. Web. Jonnes, Jill. â€Å"South Bronx rising: the rise, fall, and resurrection of an American city.† New York: Fordham University Press. (1986). LaBoskey, Sara. â€Å"Getting off: Portrayals of Masculinity in Hip Hop Dance in Film.† Dance Research Journal. 33.2 (2001). 112-120. Price, Emmett III. â€Å"Hip Hop Culture†. Santa Barbara. (2006). Rhodes, Henry A. â€Å"The Evolution of Rap Music in the United States.† Yale New Haven Teachers Institute. (2003) Samuels, David. â€Å"The Rap on Rap: the Black Music that Isn’t Either.† The New Republic. (November 11, 1991). Simpson, Janice C., â€Å"Time.† â€Å"Yo! Rap Gets on the Map; Led by groups like Public Enemy.† (February 5, 1990).

Burmese Days Essay -- essays research papers

George Orwell’s novel Burmese Days is set in 1920’s Burma under British colonialism. It focuses on the imperialism of the British and its effects on the relationships between the British, the British and Indians, and between the Indians themselves. The novel concentrates on the town of Kyauktada in Upper Burma.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kyauktada is described as hot and sultry. It is a small town of about four thousand. The overwhelming majority of the inhabitants are Burmese, but there are also a hundred Indians, two Eurasians, sixty Chinese, and Seven Europeans. (Pg. 16) It is near the jungle and the Irrawaddy River. There are many trees and flowers, including honeysuckle. Though the English have jobs to perform much of their time is consumed with drinking whiskey in the Club, retreating from the “prickly'; heat, napping, and occasionally playing tennis or hunting. Though there is not much physical activity by the English, they do not complain about it. They do complain incessantly about the heat and about the possible acceptance of natives into their exclusively European Club.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Burmese Days the overwhelming majority of British held themselves superior to the Burmese. They feel that it is their duty to rule over the less intelligent “niggers'; of Burma. Through the description of the characteristics of both the British and Burmese, Orwell helps us understand the value system through which the British have come to the conclusion that they must rule over the Burmese. An example of such a description is that of Maxwell, them acting Divisional Forest Officer. Maxwell is depicted as a “fresh-coloured blond youth of not more than twenty-five or six – very young for the post he held.'; (Pg. 22) This description lends value to the light skinned and fair-haired British, though some, like Flory, have black hair. Maxwell is also very young for his post, giving the impression that he is intelligent. Mr. Lackersteen, the manger of a timber firm, though forty and slightly bloated, it described a “fine-looking'; with an ingenu ous face. (Pg. 20- 21) This description leads us to believe British are good looking and honest. Orwell offers us numerous descriptions of favorable characteristics of the British, but he clearly distinguishes “bad'; British from &am... ...sire to become a member of the Club is seriously discussed. However, U Po Kyin succeeds in his quest for the membership to the Club by ruining Flory’s relationship with Elizabeth, which results in Flory killing Flo, his dog, and committing suicide. The prestige that Dr. Veraswami had possessed died with Flory. This ruined Flory, making a membership in the Club impossible. Instead U Po Kyin was elected into the Club, and became and agreeable, yet largely absent, member. Any possibility for understanding between Englishmen and Indians dies with Flory. This is because no other Englishmen could see beyond the stereotype of Indians as conniving, lazy, uncivilized “niggers.'; Though Mr. Macgregor did not dislike the Indians he only found them pleasing when they had no freedoms. None of these opinions held by the Englishmen are conducive to a reciprocal, understanding relationship between the British and the Burmese. Even if the English had overcome these barriers, the natives held stereotypes of the British as power-hungry, mean, degrading, and naà ¯ve. The feelings of the natives toward the British would also need to be overcome if an understanding were to be reached.

The Jazz Age Essay examples -- History, The Roaring Twenties

Watching a movie in the 1920s was a cheap and easy way to be transported into a world of glitz and glamour, a world of crime, or a world of magic and mystery. Some of these worlds included aspects of current events, like war, crime, and advances in technology; while others were completely fictional mysteries, romances, and comedies. Heartbreakers, heartthrobs, comedians and beautiful women dominated movie screens across the country in theaters, called Nickelodeons. Nickelodeons were very basic and small theaters which later transformed into opulent and monumental palaces. When sound was introduced into film by Warner Bros. Pictures, â€Å"talkies† took top rank over silent films. â€Å"Movies were an art form that had universal appeal. Their essence was entertainment; their success, financial and otherwise, was huge† (1920-30, 3/19/11). Films offered an escape from the troubles of everyday life in the 20s, and moviegoers across the country all shared a universal languag e: watching movies. Although the film industry first began in New York, Hollywood caught the attention of producers because of its various locations for shooting films and ideal weather for year-round production. The climate and scenery were not the only reasons filmmakers moved to Hollywood. Thomas Edison, along with other individuals, owned patents over the process of filmmaking, and moving to Hollywood was used by producers as a way to avoid lawsuits (Digital History, 2/12/11). In the beginning of The Roaring Twenties, about fifty million people went to the movies per week, amplifying to ninety million in 1929. These huge numbers are a result of the public’s obsession with the movies’ glamour, sophistication, and sex appeal. Watching movies motivated the viewers to ea... ...do their chores and work: to earn money to see a movie. The Roaring Twenties, also known as The Jazz Age, was a busy and interesting time in history. Movies set new standards in society, changing pop culture for both the best and the worst. The best aspect of how pop culture was changed by society was the change in how people acted and dressed. One negative aspect of how film affected the society of the 1920s was the increase in membership of the Ku Klux Klan, and some growth in gangs and violence. Children and women developed new freedoms and ways of thinking like the characters in the movies they watched. Women became liberated and realized that there was more to them than cooking and cleaning. Going to the movies was a new incentive for children and teenagers to do their chores. All in all, movies changed pop culture in the 1920s and it will never be the same.

Business-to-business and B2b E-marketplace

Closing Case Study One When you’re Big, You Can Be Your own B2B E-Marketplace. Question 1 :- Volkwagen operates its own proprietary B2B e-marketplace in which its suppliers participate. What are the disadvantages to Volkswagen of not using a generic B2B e-marketplace with even more suppliers? What are the advantages to Volkswagen of developing and using its own proprietary B2B e-marketplace? Answer :- The disadvantages to Volkswagen of not using a generic B2B e-marketplace with even more suppliers is difficult for organization to search an e-marketplace for suitable suppliers and then enter into negotiations outside the e-marketplace.This happen for organizations needing to purchase millions of dollar in inventory, parts, or raw materials, and it occurs for organizations wanting to establish a long-term relationship with just one supplier. Relationships among businesses in B2B are very important. These relationships, characterized by trust and continuity, extend to the IT real m. In the B2B business model, you must provide a level of integration of your IT systems with those of your business partners.The advantages to Volkswagen of developing and using its own proprietary B2B e-marketplace because they spend the money with suppliers, so that its can open and run their own B2B e-marketplace. Volkswagen handles 90% of Volkswagen global purchases. Almost all request for quotes, contract negotiations, catalogue updating and buying, purchase-order management, vehicle program managements, and payment are handled electronically and online through VWgroupsupply. com.Volkswagen Ag offers eight brands of automobiles Volkswagen (passenger), Volkswagen Commercials Vehicles, Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Seat, and Skoda. Volkswagen spent almost 60billion euro, or approximately $77billion, on components, automotive parts, and MRO materials for its manufacturing operations. Question 2 :- When the Volkswagen needs a new part design, it uses VWsupplygroup. com to g et its suppliers involved in the design process early. This creates a tremendous amount of interorganizational collaboration.What are the advantages to the suppliers and to Volkswagen in doing so? Answer :- The advantages to the suppliers and to Volkswagen in doing so to creates tremendous amount of interorganizataional collaborations is as a supplier to other businesses, you also need to understand whether you are selling in a horizontal or vertical e-marketplace. The electronic marketplace is an interactive business providing a central market space where multiple buyers and suppliers can engage in e-commerce and other e-commerce business activities.E-marketplace features a variety of implementations including value-added networks providers, horizontal e-marketplace, and vertical e-marketplaces. Horizontal e-marketplace is an electronic marketplace that connects buyers and sellers across many industries, primarily MRO materials commerce. MRO materials include a broad of range of bo th products and services including office suppliers, travel, shipping and some financial services. Question 4 :- To make effective purchasing decisions, Volkswagen’s purchasing agents need business intelligence.What kind of business intelligence does iPad provide to purchasing agents for carrying out their tasks? What additional kinds of business intelligence not discussed in the case could Volkswagen’s purchasing agents take advantage of to make more effective decisions? Answer :- An Volkswagen has, in essence, created a system that brings the necessary information to the purchasing agents. This new system within VWgroupsupply. com is called iPad, or internal Purchasing Agent Desk. Its use for purchase order for a vehicles front module had to use numerous separate systems to complete the process.Retrieve information from suppliers system and its database, query information in Volkswagen’s internal parts information system, obtain information from a request-for- quotes database, enter information into a contact-negotiation transcript system, and interact with several other systems and databases. The purchasing agent had to log into and use seven separate systems. Analysis revealed that Volkswagen purchasing agents were spending 70% of their time finding, retrieving, analyzing, validating, and moving information. Question 5 :- IPAD manages the workflow for purchasing agents.Describes how iPad manages this process including information provided, steps to be executed, and the presentation of information. Answer :- iPAD manages the workflow for purchasing agents. Using a form af an integrated collaboration environment, or ICE, purchasing agents now participate in a simple three step process. The first step is iPad captures and sends a business event to the purchasing agent, such as the nedd to order vehicles front modules. Second, iPad attaches to that communications other necessary information such as information about potential suppliers, the ir costs, and others forms of analysis and descriptive information.The final steps is iPad send the corresponding business processes and work flows to be completed electronically. It works much like digital dashboard. When purchasing agent log onto the iPad portal in the morning, they receive a customized Web page with announcement, business alerts, analysis, and digital workflows to be completed. The purchasing agents can set out immediately to complete the task of the day, without having to spend 705 of their time finding. iPad also customizes the Web page according to the purchasing agent’s native language.

Macbeth Essay

Women have a very strong influence on their husbands and husbands will usually take their wives opinions in important matters. Lady Macbeth was the dominant of the two characters. She had very strong persuasive skills over Macbeth and though show her control of Macbeth in public, in private she often uses emotional and testing his manliness to manipulate him to do what he wants. Lady Macbeth is the more evil character than Macbeth in the play through her ambition, cruelty, and manipulation. Lady Macbeth used her words to control Macbeth throughout the entire play and caused him to do many things he wouldn’t have normally done like kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth mocks Macbeth and his manliness throughout the play to get him to do exactly what she wants like for him to kill â€Å"What beast was’t, then, that made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man; And, to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man.† Macbeth being a man in the era he grew up in being the most manly you could be was very important so a women questioning his manliness would have set most men over the edge especially someone as persuasive as Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth has many delusional moments in the play that lead readers to believe she is either crazy or evil. She talks about being infected with evilness to killing babies throughout the play. â€Å"I have given suck, and know How tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums, And dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this.† Lady Macbeth in my opinion is a sociopath with her not feeling remorse for anything her and her husband do no matter the effect it has on other individuals. She fits the profile of a sociopath with the abilities to manipulate people easily and have no shame doing it but also feel nothing towards anyone or anything she harms. Lady Macbeth also is a very private person that is very submissive when with other people and does not show her evil and dark side to anyone other then her husband. She is also very protective over a Macbeth and would do anything to protect him from being found out for murdering Duncan. Lady Macbeth is both responsiple for the death of Duncan and is also the cause of Macbeth becoming insane throughout the course of the play. She is a silver tounged women who knows how to manipulate for her own self gain. Through these point I think that she is not only responsible for duncans death but is more evil then Macbeth.